Zhu Zhi, Sun Jing, Fa Yun, Liu Xufeng, Lindblad Peter
The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Oct 10;13:1024441. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024441. eCollection 2022.
Microalgae have high lipid accumulation capacity, high growth rate and high photosynthetic efficiency which are considered as one of the most promising alternative sustainable feedstocks for producing lipid-based biofuels. However, commercialization feasibility of microalgal biofuel production is still conditioned to the high production cost. Enhancement of lipid accumulation in microalgae play a significant role in boosting the economics of biofuel production based on microalgal lipid. The major challenge of enhancing microalgal lipid accumulation lies in overcoming the trade-off between microalgal cell growth and lipid accumulation. Substantial approaches including genetic modifications of microalgal strains by metabolic engineering and process regulations of microalgae cultivation by integrating multiple optimization strategies widely applied in industrial microbiology have been investigated. In the present review, we critically discuss recent trends in the application of multiple molecular strategies to construct high performance microalgal strains by metabolic engineering and synergistic strategies of process optimization and stress operation to enhance microalgal lipid accumulation for biofuel production. Additionally, this review aims to emphasize the opportunities and challenges regarding scaled application of the strategic integration and its viability to make microalgal biofuel production a commercial reality in the near future.
微藻具有高脂质积累能力、高生长速率和高光合效率，被认为是生产基于脂质的生物燃料最有前景的可持续替代原料之一。然而，微藻生物燃料生产的商业化可行性仍受限于高生产成本。提高微藻中的脂质积累对提高基于微藻脂质的生物燃料生产的经济性具有重要作用。提高微藻脂质积累的主要挑战在于克服微藻细胞生长与脂质积累之间的权衡。人们已经研究了多种方法，包括通过代谢工程对微藻菌株进行基因改造，以及通过整合工业微生物学中广泛应用的多种优化策略来调控微藻培养过程。在本综述中，我们批判性地讨论了通过代谢工程应用多种分子策略构建高性能微藻菌株的最新趋势，以及通过过程优化和胁迫操作的协同策略来提高微藻脂质积累以用于生物燃料生产的趋势。此外，本综述旨在强调战略整合规模化应用的机遇和挑战及其可行性，以使微藻生物燃料生产在不久的将来成为商业现实。
