Negative sentiments toward novel coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines.

Addressing negative vaccine sentiments is paramount to COVID-19 prevention efforts. However, assessing population sentiments is challenging due to the desirability bias that can emerge when directly asking respondents for their opinions on vaccination. Social media data, containing people's unfiltered thoughts, have the potential to offer valuable insights that could guide vaccine promotion messaging. We extracted one week's (4/5-4/11, 2020) worth of COVID-19 vaccine posts on Twitter (tweets) from the U.S. (N = 208,973) and segmented tweets with negative sentiments toward COVID-19 vaccines (n = 14,794). We imputed location based on Twitter users' self-reported state of residence. We found that states in the South had significantly higher prevalence of negative tweets compared to states in other parts of the country, and higher-income states reported lower prevalence of negative tweets. Our findings suggest the existence of negative vaccine sentiments and geographic variability in these opinions, warranting tailored vaccine promotion efforts, particularly for the southern U.S.