Pac Jessica, Garfinkel Irwin, Kaushal Neeraj, Nam Jaehyun, Nolan Laura, Waldfogel Jane, Wimer Christopher
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Social Work, 1350 University Ave. Ste. 314, Madison, WI 53711, United States.
Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, United States.
Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020 Aug;115:105030. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105030. Epub 2020 May 1.
State approaches to reducing child poverty vary considerably. We exploit this state-level variation to estimate what could be achieved in terms of child poverty if all states adopted the most generous or inclusive states' policies. Specifically, we simulate the child poverty reductions that would occur if every state were as generous or inclusive as the most generous or inclusive state in four key policies: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), state Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and state Child Tax Credits (CTC). We find that adopting the most generous or inclusive state EITC policy would have the largest impact on child poverty, reducing it by 1.2 percentage points, followed by SNAP, TANF, and lastly state CTC. If all states were as generous or inclusive as the most generous or inclusive state in all four policies, the child poverty rate would decrease by 2.5 percentage points, and five and a half million children would be lifted out of poverty.
各州减少儿童贫困的方法差异很大。我们利用这种州层面的差异来估计，如果所有州都采用最慷慨或包容性最强的州的政策，在儿童贫困方面能够取得什么样的成果。具体而言，我们模拟了如果每个州在四项关键政策上都像最慷慨或包容性最强的州那样慷慨或包容，将会出现的儿童贫困减少情况：补充营养援助计划（SNAP）、州所得税抵免（EITC）、临时援助贫困家庭计划（TANF）和州儿童税收抵免（CTC）。我们发现，采用最慷慨或包容性最强的州EITC政策对儿童贫困的影响最大，可将其降低1.2个百分点，其次是SNAP、TANF，最后是州CTC。如果所有州在所有四项政策上都像最慷慨或包容性最强的州那样慷慨或包容，儿童贫困率将下降2.5个百分点，550万儿童将摆脱贫困。
