Zhang Jianfen, Zhang Na, Liu Shufang, Du Songming, He Hairong, Ma Guansheng
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2021 Jan 6;18(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00531-2.
Water is essential for maintaining the functions of human body properly. Studies have shown that the amounts and contributions of fluids were associated with health and hydration status. The objectives of the study was that to explore the differences of water intake pattern and hydration biomarkers among young males and females in different hydration statuses.
A cross-sectional study was implemented among 159 young adults aged 18-23 years in Hebei, China. The total drinking fluids and water from food were obtained by 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and duplicate portion method, respectively. The osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of the 24 h urine and plasma were tested. Differences in optimal hydration (OH), middle hydration (MH) and hypohydration (HH) groups, divided by the osmolality of 24 h urine, were compared.
Totally, 156 participants (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. OH group had highest proportions of participants met the recommendations of total water intake (TWI) and total drinking fluids of China (34.5%, 36.2%), while HH group had lowest (7.7%, 0.0%). OH group had higher amounts of TWI, total drinking fluids, water and lower amounts of sugar-sweetened-beverages (SSBs) (P < 0.05). The percentage of total drinking fluids in TWI decreased from 54.1% in OH group to 42.6% in HH group (P < 0.05). OH group had higher and lower contributions of water and SSBs to total drinking fluids (P < 0.05); produced 551-950 mL more, excreted significantly less quantity of solutes of urine (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in plasma osmolality among the three groups (P > 0.05). Among both males and females, the amounts of TWI and water were higher in OH group than others (P < 0.05). Males had 4.3% lower, 5.4% and 1.1% higher contributions of milk and milk products, SSBs and alcohol to total drinking fluids than females (P < 0.05); males had higher volume of urine than females only in MH group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of plasma osmolality between males and females in the same group (P > 0.05).
Young adults with optimal hydration status had better water intake pattern and less concentrated urine. Females maybe have better water intake pattern than males. Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry. Name of the registry: Relationship of drinking water and urination.
ChiCTR-ROC-17010320. Date of registration: 01/04/2017. URL of trial registry record: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=17601&htm=4 .
水对于维持人体正常功能至关重要。研究表明，液体的摄入量和贡献与健康及水合状态相关。本研究的目的是探讨不同水合状态下年轻男性和女性的水摄入模式及水合生物标志物的差异。
在中国河北对159名18 - 23岁的年轻人进行了一项横断面研究。通过7天24小时液体摄入问卷和双份食物法分别获取总饮用量和食物中的水分。检测24小时尿液和血浆的渗透压及电解质浓度。比较根据24小时尿液渗透压划分的最佳水合（OH）组、中度水合（MH）组和低水合（HH）组之间的差异。
共有156名参与者（80名男性和76名女性）完成了研究。OH组中达到中国总水摄入量（TWI）和总饮用量建议的参与者比例最高（34.5%，36.2%），而HH组最低（7.7%，0.0%）。OH组的TWI、总饮用量、水分含量较高，而含糖饮料（SSB）含量较低（P < 0.05）。总饮用量在TWI中的百分比从OH组的54.1%降至HH组的42.6%（P < 0.05）。OH组中水分和SSB对总饮用量的贡献更高和更低（P < 0.05）；多产生551 - 950毫升，尿液中溶质排泄量显著减少（P < 0.05）。三组间血浆渗透压无显著差异（P > 0.05）。在男性和女性中，OH组的TWI和水分含量均高于其他组（P < 0.05）。男性饮用的牛奶及奶制品、SSB和酒精占总饮用量的比例分别比女性低4.3%、高5.4%和1.1%（P < 0.05）；仅在MH组中男性的尿量高于女性（P < 0.05）。同一组中男性和女性的血浆渗透压无显著差异（P > 0.05）。
水合状态最佳的年轻人有更好的水摄入模式且尿液浓缩程度较低。女性的水摄入模式可能比男性更好。试验注册 中国临床试验注册中心。注册名称：饮水与排尿关系。
ChiCTR - ROC - 17010320。注册日期：2017年4月1日。试验注册记录网址：http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=17601&htm=4 。
