Agile Decision Sciences, NRESS, Arlington, VA 22202, United States of America.
KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States of America; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States of America.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst). 2022 Nov;35:105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.003. Epub 2022 Aug 7.
Future lunar missions and beyond will require new and innovative approaches to radiation countermeasures. The Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) is focused on identifying and supporting unique approaches to reduce risks to human health and performance on future missions beyond low Earth orbit. This paper will describe three funded and complementary avenues for reducing the risk to humans from radiation exposure experienced in deep space. The first focus is on identifying new therapeutic targets to reduce the damaging effects of radiation by focusing on high throughput genetic screens in accessible, sometimes called lower, organism models. The second focus is to design innovative approaches for countermeasure development with special attention to nucleotide-based methodologies that may constitute a more agile way to design therapeutics. The final focus is to develop new and innovative ways to test radiation countermeasures in a human model system. While animal studies continue to be beneficial in the study of space radiation, they can have imperfect translation to humans. The use of three-dimensional (3D) complex in vitro models is a promising approach to aid the development of new countermeasures and personalized assessments of radiation risks. These three distinct and unique approaches complement traditional space radiation efforts and should provide future space explorers with more options to safeguard their short and long-term health.
未来的月球任务及更远的太空探索将需要新的创新方法来应对辐射危害。空间健康转化研究所以（TRISH）专注于确定和支持独特的方法，以降低未来地球轨道以外任务中人类健康和任务执行的风险。本文将描述三种已获得资金支持的、相辅相成的途径，以降低人类在深空环境中因辐射暴露而面临的风险。第一个重点是通过在易获取的、有时被称为低等的生物模型中进行高通量基因筛选，确定新的治疗靶点，以减少辐射的破坏性影响。第二个重点是设计创新的对策开发方法，特别关注基于核苷酸的方法，这可能构成一种更灵活的治疗方法设计方式。最后一个重点是开发新的和创新的方法，在人体模型系统中测试辐射对策。虽然动物研究在研究空间辐射方面仍然具有重要意义，但它们对人类的转化效果并不完美。使用三维（3D）复杂的体外模型是一种很有前途的方法，可以帮助开发新的对策和对辐射风险进行个性化评估。这三种截然不同且独特的方法补充了传统的空间辐射研究，应为未来的太空探索者提供更多选择，以保障他们的短期和长期健康。
