Zheng Jun, Wang Xingsu, Wu Bangbang, Qiao Ling, Zhao Jiajia, Pourkheirandish Mohammad, Wang Juanling, Zheng Xingwei
Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China.
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Front Nutr. 2022 Oct 21;9:933358. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933358. eCollection 2022.
Vitamin B9, particularly folic acid, is an essential molecule for human health. Wheat flour is one of the major sources of calorie intake by humans. The selection of folate-rich genotypes in wheat breeding can enhance the natural folate value in the daily diet. This study used a precise, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to analyze folate content in a 262-accession Chinese wheat mini-core collection (MCC) grown under three environments. Four folate derivatives in grains including tetrahydrofolate (THF), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH-THF), 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF), and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (5,10-CHTHF) were considered. An association analysis of water regimes, accession types, released years, geographical origin, and agronomic traits with folate content was conducted for the first time. There was a large amount of variation in folate content in the analyzed accessions, with genotype identified as the main influencing factor. Total folate content was significantly correlated with the content of the four MCC derivatives under the three environments. 5-CH-THF and 5-CHO-THF were the most abundant among the four folate derivatives and were positively correlated with high folate content. The 12 accessions with the highest folate content showed an average of more than 80 μg/100 g. The analysis demonstrated that this Chinese wheat had not undergone extensive selection for folate content during breeding, which is unrelated to the geographical origin, accession types, winter/spring types, and grain colors of wheat. The content of THF, 5-CH-THF, and 5,10-CHTHF was significantly negatively correlated with grain width, grain thickness, and thousand kernel weight. A relatively weak negative relationship manifested between folate contents and flowering date, whereas no significant correlation with tiller number, grain number per spike, maturity date, height, and spike length was detected. The investigation benefits wheat breeders for folate enhancement.
维生素B9，尤其是叶酸，是人体健康所必需的分子。小麦粉是人类热量摄入的主要来源之一。在小麦育种中选择富含叶酸的基因型可以提高日常饮食中的天然叶酸含量。本研究采用精确的高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析法，分析了在三种环境下种植的262份中国小麦微核心种质（MCC）中的叶酸含量。研究考虑了谷物中的四种叶酸衍生物，包括四氢叶酸（THF）、5-甲基四氢叶酸（5-CH-THF）、5-甲酰基四氢叶酸（5-CHO-THF）和5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸（5,10-CHTHF）。首次对水分条件、种质类型、发布年份、地理来源和农艺性状与叶酸含量进行了关联分析。在所分析的种质中，叶酸含量存在大量变异，基因型被确定为主要影响因素。在三种环境下，总叶酸含量与四种MCC衍生物的含量显著相关。5-CH-THF和5-CHO-THF是四种叶酸衍生物中含量最高的，且与高叶酸含量呈正相关。叶酸含量最高的12份种质平均含量超过80μg/100g。分析表明，这种中国小麦在育种过程中尚未对叶酸含量进行广泛选择，这与小麦的地理来源、种质类型、冬春类型和籽粒颜色无关。THF、5-CH-THF和5,10-CHTHF的含量与籽粒宽度、籽粒厚度和千粒重显著负相关。叶酸含量与开花期之间存在相对较弱的负相关关系，而与分蘖数、每穗粒数、成熟期、株高和穗长未检测到显著相关性。该研究对小麦育种者提高叶酸含量有帮助。
