Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran.
Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Oct 26;12(11):927. doi: 10.3390/bios12110927.
Electrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical methods. This review discusses the biorecognition components that may be used to identify pathogens. These include antibodies and aptamers. The integration of transducers and electrode changes in biosensor design is a major discussion topic. Pathogen detection methods can be categorized by sample preparation and secondary binding processes. Diagnostics in medicine, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection can benefit from electrochemical biosensors to ensure food and water safety. Disposable and reusable biosensors for process monitoring, as well as multiplexed and conformal pathogen detection, are all included in this review. It is now possible to identify a wide range of diseases using biosensors that may be applied to food, bodily fluids, and even objects' surfaces. The sensitivity of optical techniques may be superior to electrochemical approaches, but optical methods are prohibitively expensive and challenging for most end users to utilize. On the other hand, electrochemical approaches are simpler to use, but their efficacy in identifying infections is still far from satisfactory.
电化学生物传感器是一类利用电化学换能器来发挥其功能的生物传感器。在过去几十年中，已经开发出许多用于病原体检测的电化学生物传感器。这些用于感染检测的生物传感器在换能元件、生物识别组件和电化学方法方面都得到了全面的研究。本综述讨论了可能用于识别病原体的生物识别组件。这些组件包括抗体和适体。传感器设计中换能器和电极变化的集成是一个主要的讨论话题。病原体检测方法可以根据样品制备和二次结合过程进行分类。电化学生物传感器可用于医学诊断、环境监测和生物威胁检测，以确保食品安全和水安全。本综述还包括用于过程监测的一次性和可重复使用的生物传感器，以及用于多路复用和共形病原体检测的生物传感器。现在，使用生物传感器可以识别出广泛的疾病，这些生物传感器可以应用于食品、体液，甚至物体表面。光学技术的灵敏度可能优于电化学方法，但光学方法过于昂贵，大多数最终用户难以使用。另一方面，电化学方法使用起来更简单，但它们在识别感染方面的效果还远不能令人满意。
