Pezzino Salvatore, Sofia Maria, Faletra Gloria, Mazzone Chiara, Litrico Giorgia, La Greca Gaetano, Latteri Saverio
Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Nov 6;11(11):1622. doi: 10.3390/biology11111622.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent, multifactorial, and poorly understood liver disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. NAFLD is typically asymptomatic and coupled with other symptoms of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising in tandem with the prevalence of obesity. In the Western hemisphere, NAFLD is one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease and liver transplantation. Recent research suggests that gut microbiome dysbiosis may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. The so-called "gut-liver axis" refers to the communication and feedback loop between the digestive system and the liver. Several pathological mechanisms characterized the alteration of the gut-liver axis, such as the impairment of the gut barrier and the increase of the intestinal permeability which result in endotoxemia and inflammation, and changes in bile acid profiles and metabolite levels produced by the gut microbiome. This review will explore the role of gut-liver axis disruption, mediated by gut microbiome dysbiosis, on NAFLD development.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是一种普遍存在、多因素且了解不足的肝脏疾病，在全球范围内发病率不断上升。NAFLD通常无症状，并伴有代谢综合征的其他症状。NAFLD的患病率与肥胖症的患病率同步上升。在西半球，NAFLD是肝病和肝移植最常见的原因之一。最近的研究表明，肠道微生物群失调可能通过调节肠道-肝脏轴，在NAFLD的发病机制中发挥重要作用。所谓的“肠道-肝脏轴”是指消化系统与肝脏之间的通讯和反馈回路。几种病理机制表征了肠道-肝脏轴的改变，例如肠道屏障受损和肠道通透性增加，这会导致内毒素血症和炎症，以及肠道微生物群产生的胆汁酸谱和代谢物水平的变化。本综述将探讨由肠道微生物群失调介导的肠道-肝脏轴破坏在NAFLD发展中的作用。
