Boudelal Saleh, Adnane Mounir, Niar Abdelatif, Chapwanya Aspinas
Laboratory of Farm Animals Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria.
Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 29;12(21):2975. doi: 10.3390/ani12212975.
Clinical endometritis (CE) is a multifactorial disease of dairy animals. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis are the major risk factors of CE in dairy cows. Because uterine inflammation affects the profitability of the dairy industry, antibiotics and hormonal therapies are commonly used to mitigate against the disease. However, the One-Health concept aims to reduce antibiotic use in food animals to avoid the emergence of drug resistance or residues in milk or meat. Thus, phytotherapy may represent a good alternative to antibiotics in food animals. Echinops spinosus (E. spinosus) is a natural plant known to have therapeutic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of E. spinosus as a preventive strategy for CE in dairy cows with other postpartum complications. Holstein−Friesian cows (n = 36) diagnosed with RFM or metritis enrolled in the study were allocated into three groups. One group received antibiotic treatment. Another group received prostaglandin injection (PG). The experimental group received E. spinosus decoction orally. As a control group, eutocic cows (n = 36), without RFM and metritis were included in the study. The efficiency of the treatment was based on the occurrence of CE and improved reproductive outcomes. At 30 ± 2 DPP, CE was diagnosed in 25%, 58.34%, and 75% in antibiotic, PG, and E. spinosus groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups at 55 ± 5 DPP (16.67%, 33.44%, and 41.67% in antibiotic, PG and E. spinosus groups, respectively, p > 0.05). The E. spinosus group had the longest open days, lowest conception rate at 150 DPP, and highest number of services per conception. Oral E. spinosus extract is ineffective as a therapeutic for cows at risk of CE. These findings may pave the way for future innovative strategies employing E. spinosus to protect cattle against endometritis.
临床子宫内膜炎（CE）是奶牛的一种多因素疾病。胎衣不下（RFM）和子宫炎是奶牛患CE的主要风险因素。由于子宫炎症会影响乳制品行业的盈利能力，抗生素和激素疗法通常用于减轻这种疾病。然而，“同一健康”概念旨在减少食用动物的抗生素使用，以避免出现耐药性或牛奶或肉类中的残留。因此，植物疗法可能是食用动物抗生素的良好替代品。刺头蓟（E. spinosus）是一种天然植物，已知在体外具有治疗、抗炎、抗菌和伤口愈合特性。本研究的目的是调查刺头蓟作为预防患有其他产后并发症的奶牛患CE的策略的疗效。纳入研究的36头被诊断为RFM或子宫炎的荷斯坦 - 弗里生奶牛被分为三组。一组接受抗生素治疗。另一组接受前列腺素注射（PG）。实验组口服刺头蓟煎剂。作为对照组，本研究纳入了36头无RFM和子宫炎的顺产奶牛。治疗效果基于CE的发生情况和改善的繁殖结果。在产后30±2天，抗生素组、PG组和刺头蓟组的CE诊断率分别为25%、58.34%和75%（p<0.05）。在产后第55±5天，各组之间没有差异（抗生素组、PG组和刺头蓟组分别为16.67%、33.44%和41.67% , p>0.05）。刺头蓟组的空怀天数最长，产后150天的受孕率最低，每次受孕的配种次数最多。口服刺头蓟提取物对有患CE风险的奶牛治疗无效。这些发现可能为未来采用刺头蓟保护奶牛免受子宫内膜炎侵害的创新策略铺平道路。
