Adnane Mounir, Chapwanya Aspinas, Kaidi Rachid, Meade Kieran G, O'Farrelly Cliona
Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria; Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Tiaret, Algeria.
Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Theriogenology. 2017 Nov;103:117-122. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.039. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
Endometritis significantly impacts fertility and milk yield, thus reducing profitability of the dairy production. In cows that develop endometritis, normal postpartum endometrial inflammation is dysregulated. Here, we propose that endometrial inflammation is reflected in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) which could therefore be used as a prognostic tool. CVM was collected from 20 dairy cows (10 with clinical endometritis and 10 healthy) 7 and 21 days postpartum (DPP). Polymorphonuclear (PMN), mononuclear leukocyte and epithelial cells were counted, total protein levels were estimated and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and C5b were analyzed by ELISA in CVM. PMN were consistently high in CVM from 7 to 21 DPP, but were higher in CVM from cows with clinical endometritis 21 DPP compared with healthy cows. In contrast, there were more epithelial cells in healthy cows 21 DPP than in clinical endometritis animals. Total protein levels decreased significantly in CVM from healthy cows between days 7 and 21 postpartum. All inflammatory biomarkers except C5b, remained high in cows with clinical endometritis from 7 to 21 DPP, indicating sustained and chronic endometrial inflammation. IL1, IL-6, IL-8 and Hp levels were higher in CVM from cows with clinical endometritis compared to healthy cows 21 DPP. Interestingly IL-1β levels were raised in CVM from clinical endometritis but not in healthy cows 7 DPP suggesting that early measurement of IL-1β levels might provide a useful predictive marker of clinical endometritis. In contrast, SAA and C5b levels were increased in healthy cows 21 DPP, compared to cows with clinical endometritis suggesting that these acute phase proteins might have an anti-inflammatory role. Our results show that CVM is convenient for profiling disease-associated changes in key inflammatory molecules postpartum and reaffirms that sustained inflammation is a key feature of clinical endometritis in the dairy cow.
子宫内膜炎会显著影响奶牛的繁殖力和产奶量，进而降低奶牛养殖的盈利能力。在患子宫内膜炎的奶牛中，产后正常的子宫内膜炎症会失调。在此，我们提出子宫内膜炎症可反映在子宫颈 - 阴道黏液（CVM）中，因此CVM可用作一种预后工具。在产后7天和21天（DPP）从20头奶牛（10头患有临床子宫内膜炎，10头健康）采集CVM。对多形核（PMN）、单核白细胞和上皮细胞进行计数，估算总蛋白水平，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）分析CVM中白细胞介素 - 1β（IL - 1β）、白细胞介素 - 6（IL - 6）、白细胞介素 - 8（IL - 8）、血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、触珠蛋白（Hp）和C5b的水平。在产后7至21天，CVM中的PMN一直处于高水平，但在产后21天，患临床子宫内膜炎奶牛的CVM中的PMN水平高于健康奶牛。相比之下，产后21天健康奶牛的上皮细胞比患有临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛更多。产后7至21天，健康奶牛CVM中的总蛋白水平显著下降。在产后7至21天，除C5b外，所有炎症生物标志物在患有临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛中均保持高水平，表明子宫内膜存在持续的慢性炎症。产后21天，患有临床子宫内膜炎奶牛的CVM中IL - 1、IL - 6、IL - 8和Hp水平高于健康奶牛。有趣的是，产后7天，临床子宫内膜炎奶牛的CVM中IL - 1β水平升高，而健康奶牛中未升高，这表明早期检测IL - 1β水平可能为临床子宫内膜炎提供有用的预测指标。相比之下，产后21天，健康奶牛的SAA和C5b水平高于患有临床子宫内膜炎的奶牛，这表明这些急性期蛋白可能具有抗炎作用。我们的结果表明，CVM便于分析产后关键炎症分子与疾病相关的变化，并重申持续炎症是奶牛临床子宫内膜炎的一个关键特征。
