Department of Human Movement Sciences, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI, 53186, USA.
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Sports Med. 2021 Oct;51(10):2051-2066. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01488-9. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Linear loading, the two-for-two rule, percent of one repetition maximum (1RM), RM zones, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), repetitions in reserve, set-repetition best, autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise (APRE), and velocity-based training (VBT) are all methods of adjusting resistance training intensity. Each method has advantages and disadvantages that strength and conditioning practitioners should be aware of when measuring and monitoring strength characteristics. The linear loading and 2-for-2 methods may be beneficial for novice athletes; however, they may be limited in their capacity to provide athletes with variation and detrimental if used exclusively for long periods of time. The percent of 1RM and RM zone methods may provide athletes with more variation and greater potential for strength-power adaptations; however, they fail to account for daily changes in athlete's performance capabilities. An athlete's daily readiness can be addressed to various extents by both subjective (e.g., RPE, repetitions in reserve, set-repetition best, and APRE) and objective (e.g., VBT) load adjustment methods. Future resistance training monitoring may aim to include a combination of measures that quantify outcome (e.g., velocity, load, time, etc.) with process (e.g., variability, coordination, efficiency, etc.) relevant to the stage of learning or the task being performed. Load adjustment and monitoring methods should be used to supplement and guide the practitioner, quantify what the practitioner 'sees', and provide longitudinal data to assist in reviewing athlete development and providing baselines for the rate of expected development in resistance training when an athlete returns to sport from injury or large training load reductions.
线性负荷、二对二法则、1 次重复最大重量百分比（1RM）、RM 区、主观疲劳感知评估（RPE）、剩余重复次数、最佳设定重复次数、自我调节递增阻力训练（APRE）和速度训练（VBT）都是调整抗阻训练强度的方法。每种方法都有其优点和缺点，力量和体能教练在测量和监测力量特征时应该了解这些方法。线性负荷和二对二法则可能对新手运动员有益，但它们可能限制运动员的变化能力，如果长期使用，可能会对运动员造成伤害。1RM 百分比和 RM 区方法可能为运动员提供更多的变化和更强的力量-功率适应潜力；然而，它们没有考虑到运动员日常表现能力的变化。运动员的日常准备情况可以通过主观（例如 RPE、剩余重复次数、最佳设定重复次数和 APRE）和客观（例如 VBT）负荷调整方法在不同程度上得到解决。未来的抗阻训练监测可能旨在包括结合使用量化结果（例如速度、负荷、时间等）和过程（例如变异性、协调性、效率等）的测量方法，这些方法与学习阶段或执行的任务相关。负荷调整和监测方法应作为补充和指导教练的工具，量化教练的“所见”，并提供纵向数据，以帮助审查运动员的发展，并为运动员在受伤或大负荷减少后返回运动时的抗阻训练预期发展速度提供基准。
