Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd., 1230 Siping Road, Yangpu, Shanghai 200092, China.
Shanghai Research Center for Smart Mobility and Road Safety, Shanghai 200092, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 26;19(21):13904. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113904.
The objective of this study is to examine the effects of visibility and time headway on the takeover performance in L3 automated driving. Both non-critical and critical driving scenarios were considered by changing the acceleration value of the leading vehicle. A driving simulator experiment with 18 driving scenarios was conducted and 30 participants complete the experiment. Based on the data obtained from the experiment, the takeover reaction time, takeover control time, and takeover responses were analyzed. The minimum Time-To-Collision (Min TTC) was used to measure the takeover risk level and a binary logit model for takeover risk levels was estimated. The results indicate that the visibility distance (VD) has no significant effects on the takeover control time, while the time headway (THW) and the acceleration of the leading vehicle (ALV) could affect the takeover control time significantly; most of the participants would push the gas pedal to accelerate the ego vehicle as the takeover response under non-critical scenarios, while braking was the dominant takeover response for participants in critical driving scenarios; decreasing the TCT and taking the appropriate takeover response would reduce the takeover risk significantly, so it is suggested that the automation system should provide the driver with the urgency of the situation ahead and the tips for takeover responses by audio prompts or the head-up display. This study is expected to facilitate the overall understanding of the effects of visibility and time headway on the takeover performance in conditionally automated driving.
本研究旨在考察在 L3 自动化驾驶中，可见性和时距对接管性能的影响。通过改变前车的加速度值，考虑了非关键和关键驾驶场景。进行了一项包含 18 个驾驶场景的驾驶模拟器实验，有 30 名参与者完成了实验。基于实验中获得的数据，分析了接管反应时间、接管控制时间和接管响应。最小碰撞时间 (Min TTC) 用于衡量接管风险水平，并对接管风险水平进行了二元逻辑回归模型估计。结果表明，可见距离 (VD) 对接管控制时间没有显著影响，而时距 (THW) 和前车加速度 (ALV) 显著影响接管控制时间；在非关键场景下，大多数参与者会踩油门加速自动驾驶车辆，而在关键驾驶场景下，制动是参与者的主要接管响应；减少 TCT 并采取适当的接管响应会显著降低接管风险，因此建议自动化系统通过音频提示或抬头显示器向驾驶员提供前方情况的紧急程度和接管响应提示。本研究有望促进对条件自动化驾驶中可见性和时距对接管性能影响的全面理解。
