Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2167410. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2167410. Epub 2023 Mar 13.
Despite widespread mass rollout programs, the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant called into question the effectiveness of the existing vaccines against infection, hospitalization, severity, and mortality compared to previous variants. This systematic review summarizes and compares the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, with respect to the above outcomes in adults, children, and adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken on several databases. Only 51 studies met our inclusion criteria, revealing that the protection from primary vaccination against Omicron infection is inferior to protection against Delta and Alpha infections and wanes faster over time. However, mRNA vaccine boosters were reported to reestablish effectiveness, although to a lower extent against Omicron. Nonetheless, primary vaccination was shown to preserve strong protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization, severity, and death, even months after last dose. However, boosters provide more robust and longer-lasting protection against hospitalizations due to Omicron as compared to only primary series.
尽管已经广泛开展大规模接种计划，但 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株的快速传播，使人们对现有疫苗在预防感染、住院、严重程度和死亡率方面与以前的变异株相比的有效性产生了质疑。本系统综述总结并比较了 COVID-19 疫苗在成人、儿童和青少年中针对上述结局的有效性。我们在多个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索。只有 51 项研究符合我们的纳入标准，结果表明，与预防 Delta 和 Alpha 感染相比，奥密克戎初级疫苗接种的保护作用较差，而且随着时间的推移保护作用衰减更快。然而，有报道称 mRNA 疫苗加强针可重新建立有效性，但对奥密克戎的效果较低。尽管如此，初级疫苗接种仍被证明对奥密克戎相关住院、严重程度和死亡具有强大的保护作用，即使在最后一剂疫苗接种后数月也是如此。然而，与仅进行初级系列接种相比，加强针可提供更强大和更持久的对因奥密克戎住院的保护作用。
