Lee Hyunchan, Hikosaka Okihide
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4435, USA.
iScience. 2022 Oct 27;25(11):105440. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105440. eCollection 2022 Nov 18.
In real life, multiple objects of different values are mixed in a variety of environments. To survive, animals need to find rewarding objects that may be located but hidden in particular contexts (e.g., environments) with bad objects that are unassociated with reward. Then, animals and humans pay attention to the enriched environment so that they can find the rewarding object vigorously. How can the brain initiate such behavior based on the context? We thus created a behavioral task for monkeys in which multiple contextual events (environment, action cue) sequentially occurred before objects appeared. We then studied the lateral habenula (LHb), which inhibit dopamine neurons (Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007). LHb neurons showed phasic responses in each event step-by-step across the sequential events, whose direction (excitation or inhibition) corresponded to the immediate change of the predicted value. Moreover, LHb neurons sequentially compared detailed prediction errors based on their significance in multiple contexts.
在现实生活中，不同价值的多个物体混杂在各种环境中。为了生存，动物需要找到可能位于但隐藏在特定情境（如环境）中的有益物体，同时避开与奖励无关的有害物体。然后，动物和人类会关注丰富的环境，以便能积极地找到有益物体。大脑如何基于情境启动这样的行为呢？因此，我们为猴子设计了一个行为任务，其中多个情境事件（环境、动作线索）在物体出现之前依次发生。然后，我们研究了抑制多巴胺能神经元的外侧缰核（LHb）（Matsumoto和Hikosaka，2007）。LHb神经元在整个连续事件的每个事件步骤中都表现出阶段性反应，其方向（兴奋或抑制）与预测值的即时变化相对应。此外，LHb神经元根据其在多个情境中的重要性依次比较详细的预测误差。
