Chaxiong Pang, Dimian Adele F, Wolff Jason J
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Oct 31;13:986876. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.986876. eCollection 2022.
Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research shows that RRB is prevalent early in life and observed in neurotypical development as well. Less is known, however, about early RRB patterns, developmental trajectories, and the relation to outcomes for autistic children. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize findings from studies examining RRB in autistic children from birth through age 3. A detailed protocol was designed based on PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. From the published literature, 41 peer reviewed journal articles were identified and included in this review. Our synthesis of the literature suggests that differences in RRB are evident prior to age 2 in children with or who go onto be diagnosed with autism. These differences were evident for both frequency and intensity of RRB across multiple topographies. There were mixed results regarding functional outcomes associated with early RRB, such as cognitive and adaptive behavior, though relations appeared to become stronger as children aged beyond toddlerhood. Notably, level of RRB appears unrelated to autism severity in young autistic children. A wide range of RRB have been reported to be elevated in autistic children during the first years of life, including repetitive motor behaviors, atypical sensory behaviors, insistence on sameness (IS), and self-injurious behaviors (SIBs). In contrast to studies of older children, RRB in very young autistic children do not appear to be associated with functional outcomes but may be valuable to include in early screening efforts.
https://osf.io/huzf3, unique identifier: doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/HUZF3.
受限及重复行为（RRB）是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的一项核心诊断特征。先前的研究表明，RRB在生命早期普遍存在，在神经典型发育过程中也有观察到。然而，对于自闭症儿童早期的RRB模式、发展轨迹以及与预后的关系，我们了解得较少。本系统评价的目的是综合从出生到3岁自闭症儿童RRB相关研究中得出的结果。根据系统评价的PRISMA指南设计了详细方案。从已发表文献中，识别出41篇经同行评审的期刊文章并纳入本评价。我们对文献的综合分析表明，在2岁之前，患有或即将被诊断为自闭症的儿童在RRB方面存在明显差异。这些差异在多个行为领域的RRB频率和强度上均很明显。关于与早期RRB相关的功能预后，如认知和适应性行为，结果不一，不过随着儿童年龄超过幼儿期，这种关系似乎变得更强。值得注意的是，在年幼的自闭症儿童中，RRB水平似乎与自闭症严重程度无关。据报道，在自闭症儿童生命的头几年，多种RRB行为有所增加，包括重复的运动行为、非典型的感觉行为、对一致性的坚持（IS）和自伤行为（SIBs）。与对大龄儿童的研究不同，非常年幼的自闭症儿童的RRB似乎与功能预后无关，但可能对早期筛查工作有价值。
https://osf.io/huzf3，唯一标识符：doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/HUZF3
