Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt.
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21563, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(10):27815-27832. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24083-5. Epub 2022 Nov 17.
Several chemicals and medications induce cellular damage in various organs of the body by activating reactive substances' metabolism leading to various pathological conditions including liver disease. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp water extract (PE) against CCl-induced rat hepatotoxicity. Five groups of rats were created, control, PE, CCl, (PE-CCl): The rats were administered with PE pre and during CCl injection, and (PE-CCl-PE): The rats were administered with PE pre, during, and after CCl. The markers of oxidative stress ("OS": oxidant and antioxidants), inflammation [nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor-β], and apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)] were evaluated. Additionally, liver functions, liver histology, and kidney functions were measured. Also, PE characterization was studied. The results showed that PE, in vitro, has a high antioxidant capacity because of the existence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and minerals. Otherwise, the PE administration [groups (PE-CCl) and (PE-CCl-PE)] exhibited its prophylactic and therapeutic role versus the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl where PE treatment improved liver functions, liver histopathology, and renal functions by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl. Our study elucidated that PE contains high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and ascorbic acid. So, PE exerted significant prophylactic and curative effects against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl. These were done by enhancing the markers of antioxidants and drug-metabolizing enzymes with reductions in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. PE administration for healthful rats for 12 weeks had no negative impacts. Consequently, PE is a promising agent for the prohibition and therapy of the toxicity caused by xenobiotics.
几种化学物质和药物通过激活反应物质的新陈代谢，导致各种病理状况，包括肝病，从而在身体的各个器官中引起细胞损伤。在这项研究中，我们评估了番木瓜果肉水提取物（PE）对 CCl 诱导的大鼠肝毒性的预防和治疗作用。创建了五组大鼠，对照组、PE、CCl、（PE-CCl）：大鼠在注射 CCl 期间给予 PE，（PE-CCl-PE）：大鼠在注射 CCl 之前、期间和之后给予 PE。评估了氧化应激的标志物（“OS”：氧化剂和抗氧化剂）、炎症[核因子-κB、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6]、纤维化[转化生长因子-β]和细胞凋亡[肿瘤抑制基因（p53）]。此外，还测量了肝功能、肝组织学和肾功能。还研究了 PE 的特性。结果表明，PE 在体外具有高抗氧化能力，因为存在酚类、类黄酮、单宁、萜类和矿物质。否则，PE 给药[组（PE-CCl）和（PE-CCl-PE）]表现出对 CCl 诱导的肝毒性的预防和治疗作用，PE 治疗通过降低 CCl 诱导的氧化应激、炎症、纤维化和细胞凋亡来改善肝功能、肝组织病理学和肾功能。我们的研究表明，PE 含有大量的酚类、类黄酮、单宁、萜类和抗坏血酸。因此，PE 对 CCl 诱导的肝毒性表现出显著的预防和治疗作用。这些作用是通过增强抗氧化剂和药物代谢酶的标志物来实现的，同时降低脂质过氧化、炎症、纤维化和细胞凋亡。对健康大鼠给予 PE 12 周没有产生负面影响。因此，PE 是一种有前途的抗外源性毒物毒性的药物。
