M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
MacDonald Center for Obesity Prevention and Education, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 17;14(22):4865. doi: 10.3390/nu14224865.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced significantly higher burdens and life demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to assess the longitudinal effects among HCWs throughout the pandemic. Qualtrics surveys collected self-reported data on weight changes, eating patterns, physical activity (PA), and psychological factors with data organized by timepoints prior to the pandemic (PP0—prior to March 2020), baseline (M0—January 2021), month 6 (M6—July 2021), and month 12 (M12—January 2022). Eating patterns were negatively impacted at the M0, with reported increases in snacking/grazing (69.7%), fast food/take-out consumption (57.8%), and alcohol (48.8%). However, by M6 and M12 there were no statistically significant differences in eating patterns, suggesting that eating patterns normalized over time. Mean weight increased from PP0 to M0 by 2.99 pounds (p < 0.001, n = 226) and from PP0 to M6 by 2.12 pounds (p < 0.027, n = 146), though the difference in mean weight from PP0 to M12 was not statistically significant (n = 122). PA counts decreased from 8.00 sessions per week PP0 to 6.80 by M0 (p = 0.005) before jumping to 12.00 at M6 (p < 0.001) and 10.67 at M12 (p < 0.001). Psychological factors comparing M0 to M12 found statistically significant differences for depression (p-value = 0.018) and anxiety (p-value = 0.001), meaning depression and anxiety were initially increased but improved by M12. Additionally, higher scores on depression and insomnia scales were associated with lower PA levels. These overall results imply that the COVID-19 pandemic had immediate effects on the eating patterns, weight changes, PA, and psychological factors of HCWs; however, routines and lifestyle habits appeared to have normalized one year later.
医护人员（HCWs）因 COVID-19 大流行而承受着更高的负担和生活压力。本研究旨在评估整个大流行期间 HCWs 的纵向影响。Qualtrics 调查收集了体重变化、饮食模式、身体活动（PA）和心理因素的自我报告数据，并按大流行前时间点（PP0-2020 年 3 月前）、基线（M0-2021 年 1 月）、第 6 个月（M6-2021 年 7 月）和第 12 个月（M12-2022 年 1 月）进行组织。在 M0 时，饮食模式受到负面影响，报告的零食/放牧（69.7%）、快餐/外卖消费（57.8%）和酒精（48.8%）增加。然而，到 M6 和 M12 时，饮食模式没有统计学上的显著差异，表明饮食模式随时间正常化。从 PP0 到 M0 的平均体重增加了 2.99 磅（p<0.001，n=226），从 PP0 到 M6 增加了 2.12 磅（p<0.027，n=146），尽管从 PP0 到 M12 的平均体重差异没有统计学意义（n=122）。PA 计数从 PP0 的每周 8.00 次减少到 M0 的 6.80 次（p=0.005），然后在 M6 时跃升至 12.00 次（p<0.001），在 M12 时降至 10.67 次（p<0.001）。比较 M0 和 M12 的心理因素发现，抑郁（p 值=0.018）和焦虑（p 值=0.001）存在统计学差异，这意味着抑郁和焦虑最初增加，但到 M12 时有所改善。此外，抑郁和失眠量表的高分与较低的 PA 水平相关。这些总体结果表明，COVID-19 大流行对 HCWs 的饮食模式、体重变化、PA 和心理因素立即产生了影响；然而，一年后，日常生活习惯似乎已经恢复正常。
