Ibrahim Ariff Azfarahim, Manaf Mohd Rizal Abdul, Ismail Noor Hassim
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Iran J Public Health. 2022 Jun;51(6):1323-1330. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v51i6.9677.
The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in Malaysia is 17.2%, which is higher compared to the known case of hypertension (13.1%) reported in 2015. For every two people diagnosed with hypertension, there will be three persons with undiagnosed hypertension; the trend has not changed since 2011. This study aimed to determine the determinants of undiagnosed hypertension among urban community of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 206 participants in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from the ongoing Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) project. The samples with complete variable data were taken from the second year of follow-up, starting Jan 2014 till Dec 2015, through convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, simple logistic regression, and multivariable logistic regression.
Multivariable logistic regression showed that only four determinants were associated with undiagnosed hypertension which were the age group of 35 to 49 yr old (aOR: 5.9, 95% CI: 1.8; 19.1), secondary education level (aOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1; 4.6), normal BMI (aOR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.5; 16.6), and non-diabetes mellitus (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI: 2.5; 12.0).
The determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in this study showed that low-risk groups of hypertension were highly underdiagnosed. The low-risk group of hypertension was easily approached at their working place. Thus, routine health screening and awareness campaigns should be emphasized substantially at the working place to detect undiagnosed hypertension. Early detection will be beneficial as early management can be initiated to prevent further complications.
马来西亚未确诊高血压的患病率为17.2%，高于2015年报告的已知高血压病例（13.1%）。每诊断出两名高血压患者，就会有三名未确诊高血压患者；自2011年以来这一趋势并未改变。本研究旨在确定马来西亚吉隆坡城市社区未确诊高血压的决定因素。
这是一项横断面研究，在马来西亚吉隆坡参与正在进行的城乡前瞻性流行病学（PURE）项目的206名参与者中进行。通过便利抽样，从2014年1月至2015年12月随访的第二年选取具有完整变量数据的样本。使用描述性分析、简单逻辑回归和多变量逻辑回归对数据进行分析。
多变量逻辑回归显示，只有四个决定因素与未确诊高血压相关，即35至49岁年龄组（调整后比值比：5.9，95%置信区间：1.8；19.1）、中等教育水平（调整后比值比：2.3，95%置信区间：1.1；4.6）、正常体重指数（调整后比值比：5.1，95%置信区间：1.5；16.6）和非糖尿病（调整后比值比：5.5，95%置信区间：2.5；12.0）。
本研究中未确诊高血压的决定因素表明，高血压低风险人群的诊断率极低。高血压低风险人群在其工作场所很容易接触到。因此，应在工作场所大力强调常规健康筛查和提高认识的活动，以发现未确诊的高血压。早期发现将有益，因为可以启动早期管理以预防进一步的并发症。
