Center for Molecular Imaging Probe, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
Tumor Pathology Research group & Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Disease Sciences & Department of Pathology, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423099, China.
Theranostics. 2022 Nov 14;12(18):7853-7883. doi: 10.7150/thno.79209. eCollection 2022.
Near-infrared-II (NIR-II) bioimaging gradually becomes a vital visualization modality in the real-time investigation for fundamental biological research and clinical applications. The favorable NIR-II contrast agents are vital in NIR-II imaging technology for clinical translation, which demands good optical properties and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, most NIR-II contrast agents cannot be applied to clinical translation due to the acute or chronic toxicity caused by organ retention imaging. Therefore, it is critical to understand the pharmacokinetic properties and optimize the clearance pathways of NIR-II contrast agents to minimize toxicity by decreasing organ retention. In this review, the clearance mechanisms of biomaterials, including renal clearance, hepatobiliary clearance, and mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) clearance, are synthetically discussed. The clearance pathways of NIR-II contrast agents (classified as inorganic, organic, and other complex materials) are highlighted. Successively analyzing each contrast agent barrier, this review guides further development of the clearable and biocompatible NIR-II contrast agents.
近红外二区（NIR-II）生物成像技术逐渐成为实时研究基础生物学研究和临床应用的重要可视化手段。在 NIR-II 成像技术中，具有良好的光学性能和生物相容性的理想近红外二区对比剂对于临床转化至关重要。然而，由于器官滞留成像引起的急性或慢性毒性，大多数 NIR-II 对比剂无法应用于临床转化。因此，了解 NIR-II 对比剂的药代动力学特性并优化其清除途径，以减少器官滞留从而降低毒性，这一点至关重要。在这篇综述中，综合讨论了生物材料的清除机制，包括肾清除、肝胆清除和单核吞噬细胞系统（MPS）清除。突出了 NIR-II 对比剂（分为无机、有机和其他复杂材料）的清除途径。通过依次分析每种对比剂的屏障，本综述为可清除和生物相容的 NIR-II 对比剂的进一步发展提供了指导。
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