Shama Adisu Tafari, Teka Gemechis, Yohannes Lemu Samuel, Tesfaye Biftu, Ebisa Hawi, Gebre Dejene Seyoum, Terefa Dufera Rikitu
Wollega University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
J Blood Med. 2022 Nov 24;13:711-724. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S385348. eCollection 2022.
Blood donation is the process of collecting blood from donors who are at low risk for infection and unlikely to jeopardize their own health. Blood donation addresses maternal and child mortality and contributes to saving millions of lives. But many African countries including Ethiopia are far below the minimum blood collection rate. Furthermore, the blood donation practice is not well studied among young university students in the study area. Hence, this study was done to assess the blood donation practice and associated factors among Wollega University students, Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 387 students of Wollega University. The students were selected by systematic random sampling. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epidata V.3.1 and exported to SPSSV.25 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the associated factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P-value <0.05 were used to declare the statistically significant associations in the multivariable regression. The analyzed result was presented using tables, graphs, and text.
Of the 360 respondents, 147 (40.8%; 95% CI: 35.7-46.1%) ever donated blood. Blood donation practice was significantly associated with college of the students (AOR = 3.247; 95% CI: 1.348-7.820), not taking part in blood donation campaigns (AOR = 0.285; 95% CI: 0.161-0.503), knowledge of blood bank location (AOR = 5.297; 95% CI: 3.081-9.110), knowledge about blood donation (AOR = 2.035; 95% CI: 1.123-3.686) and attitude toward blood donation (AOR = 2.266; 95% CI: 1.122-4.577).
The magnitude of blood donation in this study was found to be less than the recommended level by the World Health Organization. Absence of the blood donation campaigns, college of study, lack of knowledge, and poor attitude toward blood donation were the factors that influence the blood donation practice. All health and related institutions including the Wollega University must work in coordination to improve the blood donation practice focusing on the regular voluntary blood donors.
献血是一个从感染风险低且不太可能危害自身健康的献血者身上采集血液的过程。献血有助于降低孕产妇和儿童死亡率，并能挽救数百万人的生命。但包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多非洲国家的血液采集率远低于最低标准。此外，在研究区域的年轻大学生中，献血行为尚未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚沃莱加大学学生的献血行为及其相关因素。
对沃莱加大学的387名学生进行了一项横断面研究。学生通过系统随机抽样选取。采用自填式问卷收集数据。数据录入Epidata V.3.1并导出至SPSSV.25进行分析。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归来确定相关因素。在多变量回归中，采用调整后的比值比、95%置信区间和P值<0.05来判定具有统计学意义的关联。分析结果通过表格、图表和文字呈现。
在360名受访者中，有147人（40.8%；95%置信区间：35.7 - 46.1%）曾献血。献血行为与学生所在学院（调整后的比值比 = 3.247；95%置信区间：1.348 - 7.820）、未参加献血活动（调整后的比值比 = 0.285；95%置信区间：0.161 - 0.503）、血库位置知晓情况（调整后的比值比 = 5.297；95%置信区间：3.081 - 9.110）、献血知识（调整后的比值比 = 2.035；95%置信区间：1.123 - 3.686）以及对献血的态度（调整后的比值比 = 2.266；95%置信区间：1.122 - 4.577）显著相关。
本研究发现献血比例低于世界卫生组织推荐水平。未开展献血活动、学生所在学院、缺乏知识以及对献血的态度不佳是影响献血行为的因素。包括沃莱加大学在内的所有卫生及相关机构必须协同工作，以改善献血行为，重点关注定期自愿献血者。
