Zhu Huiqing, Huang Zhifeng, Liu Tingting, An Nairui, Gan Hui, Huang Dongming, Hao Chuangli, Luo Wenting, Sun Baoqing
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
Department of Pediatrics, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan, 528400, People's Republic of China.
J Asthma Allergy. 2022 Nov 24;15:1701-1712. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S390473. eCollection 2022.
An objective of this study was to investigate the allergen sensitization characteristics of cat, dog and horse dander in patients with suspected allergic diseases in different geographical regions of Chinese mainland.
We invited 2377 patients aged 0-86 years with suspected allergic diseases to participate in a cross-sectional survey in 11 provinces in China. Combined with the questionnaires and animal-specific IgE levels, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of furry animal sensitization in different regions and populations of Chinese Mainland.
Among the 2377 patients with suspected allergic diseases, 14.9% were sensitized to cat dander, 9.3% to dog dander and 5.5% to horse dander. Animal allergens mainly cause low-level sensitization (class 1-3). There was a significant correlation between cat, dog and horse dander allergen sIgE, with correlation coefficients (r) all greater than 0.750. The majority (46.5%) of sIgE-positive patients were sensitized to at least two animal allergens simultaneously. The prevalence of these animals all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with age, and all reached the peak in young adolescence. As for the geographical factors, the sensitization rate of cats and dogs in Western was significantly higher than that in Eastern (cat: 18.4% vs 9.2%, dog: 11.6% vs 5.5%, all < 0.001), however, no significant differences were found in horses. Aged ≤6 years, living in Western, and high animal allergen exposure elevated the risk of cat or dog sensitization. Living on a lower floor (aOR: 0.56) was a protective factor for horse sensitization.
In this representative sample of Chinese patients with suspected allergic diseases, there was an apparent geographic variation in sensitization to cats and dogs. Age factor and living in Western also had a significant impact on animal allergen sensitization rate.
本研究的一个目的是调查中国大陆不同地理区域疑似过敏性疾病患者对猫、狗和马皮屑的过敏原致敏特征。
我们邀请了2377名年龄在0 - 86岁的疑似过敏性疾病患者参与在中国11个省份进行的横断面调查。结合问卷调查和动物特异性IgE水平，我们分析了中国大陆不同地区和人群对带毛动物致敏的流行病学特征和危险因素。
在2377名疑似过敏性疾病患者中，14.9%对猫皮屑致敏，9.3%对狗皮屑致敏，5.5%对马皮屑致敏。动物过敏原主要引起低水平致敏（1 - 3级）。猫、狗和马皮屑过敏原sIgE之间存在显著相关性，相关系数（r）均大于0.750。大多数（46.5%）sIgE阳性患者同时对至少两种动物过敏原致敏。这些动物的患病率均呈现随年龄先升高后降低的趋势，且均在青少年早期达到峰值。至于地理因素，西部猫和狗的致敏率显著高于东部（猫：18.4%对9.2%，狗：11.6%对5.5%，均P < 0.001），然而，马的致敏率在两者之间未发现显著差异。年龄≤6岁、居住在西部以及高动物过敏原暴露增加了对猫或狗致敏的风险。居住在较低楼层（调整后比值比：0.56）是对马致敏的一个保护因素。
在这个具有代表性的中国疑似过敏性疾病患者样本中，对猫和狗的致敏存在明显的地理差异。年龄因素和居住在西部也对动物过敏原致敏率有显著影响。
