Mechanisms and application strategies of miRNA‑146a regulating inflammation and fibrosis at molecular and cellular levels (Review).

In the progression of various diseases, inflammation has a critical role. Chronic persistent inflammation is a pivotal trigger of fibrosis. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in inflammation and fibrosis. In recent years, it has been proved that miRNAs are a critical link in physiological and pathological processes. Among them, the miRNA miR‑146a has a pivotal role in the immune system and acquired immunity, making it one of the most studied miRNAs. Due to its essential roles at the molecular and cellular levels, it has broad application prospects in precision medicine. The present comprehensive review focused on the mechanisms of miR‑146a and its application strategies in inflammation and fibrosis, discussing its therapeutic potential. The main signaling pathways through which miR‑146a regulates inflammation and fibrosis and their relationships were covered. Furthermore, the functions and effects of miR‑146a in specific cells, which may join in the process of inflammation and fibrosis, were outlined. Application strategies were also summarized according to recent studies based on these mechanisms.