Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 30;23(23):15016. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315016.
Tissue engineering is nowadays a powerful tool to restore damaged tissues and recover their normal functionality. Advantages over other current methods are well established, although a continuous evolution is still necessary to improve the final performance and the range of applications. Trends are nowadays focused on the development of multifunctional scaffolds with hierarchical structures and the capability to render a sustained delivery of bioactive molecules under an appropriate stimulus. Nanocomposites incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NPs) have a predominant role in bone tissue regeneration due to their high capacity to enhance osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteointegration, as well as their encapsulation efficiency and protection capability of bioactive agents. Selection of appropriated polymeric matrices is fundamental and consequently great efforts have been invested to increase the range of properties of available materials through copolymerization, blending, or combining structures constituted by different materials. Scaffolds can be obtained from different processes that differ in characteristics, such as texture or porosity. Probably, electrospinning has the greater relevance, since the obtained nanofiber membranes have a great similarity with the extracellular matrix and, in addition, they can easily incorporate functional and bioactive compounds. Coaxial and emulsion electrospinning processes appear ideal to generate complex systems able to incorporate highly different agents. The present review is mainly focused on the recent works performed with Hap-loaded scaffolds having at least one structural layer composed of core/shell nanofibers.
组织工程学如今是一种强大的工具，可以修复受损组织并恢复其正常功能。与其他当前方法相比，它具有明显的优势，尽管仍需要不断发展以提高最终性能和应用范围。目前的趋势集中在开发具有层次结构的多功能支架和能够在适当刺激下持续释放生物活性分子的能力。由于纳米羟基磷灰石（HAp NPs）具有增强成骨诱导、成骨传导和骨整合的能力，以及对生物活性物质的封装效率和保护能力，因此在骨组织再生中具有重要作用。适当的聚合物基质的选择是至关重要的，因此，人们投入了大量的努力通过共聚、共混或结合不同材料的结构来提高现有材料的性能范围。支架可以通过不同的工艺获得，这些工艺在特性上有所不同，例如质地或孔隙率。可能，静电纺丝具有更大的相关性，因为所得到的纳米纤维膜与细胞外基质非常相似，此外，它们可以很容易地掺入功能性和生物活性化合物。同轴和乳液静电纺丝工艺似乎是生成能够包含高度不同的药物的复杂系统的理想选择。本综述主要集中于最近使用至少具有一层由核/壳纳米纤维组成的 Hap 负载支架进行的工作。
