Malik Sumira, Dhasmana Archna, Preetam Subham, Mishra Yogendra Kumar, Chaudhary Vishal, Bera Sweta Parmita, Ranjan Anuj, Bora Jutishna, Kaushik Ajeet, Minkina Tatiana, Jatav Hanuman Singh, Singh Rupesh Kumar, Rajput Vishnu D
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, Jharkhand, India.
Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248140, Uttarakhand, India.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Nov 25;12(23):4187. doi: 10.3390/nano12234187.
Water scarcity due to contamination of water resources with different inorganic and organic contaminants is one of the foremost global concerns. It is due to rapid industrialization, fast urbanization, and the low efficiency of traditional wastewater treatment strategies. Conventional water treatment strategies, including chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, coagulation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, adsorption, and photolysis, are based on adopting various nanomaterials (NMs) with a high surface area, including carbon NMs, polymers, metals-based, and metal oxides. However, significant bottlenecks are toxicity, cost, secondary contamination, size and space constraints, energy efficiency, prolonged time consumption, output efficiency, and scalability. On the contrary, green NMs fabricated using microorganisms emerge as cost-effective, eco-friendly, sustainable, safe, and efficient substitutes for these traditional strategies. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art microbial-assisted green NMs and strategies including microbial cells, magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), bio-augmentation and integrated bioreactors for removing an extensive range of water contaminants addressing the challenges associated with traditional strategies. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the efficacies of microbe-assisted green NM-based water remediation strategy with the traditional practices in light of crucial factors like reusability, regeneration, removal efficiency, and adsorption capacity has been presented. The associated challenges, their alternate solutions, and the cutting-edge prospects of microbial-assisted green nanobiotechnology with the integration of advanced tools including internet-of-nano-things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence have been discussed. This review opens a new window to assist future research dedicated to sustainable and green nanobiotechnology-based strategies for environmental remediation applications.
水资源受到不同无机和有机污染物的污染导致缺水，这是全球最主要的问题之一。这是由于快速工业化、快速城市化以及传统废水处理策略效率低下所致。传统的水处理策略，包括化学沉淀、膜过滤、混凝、离子交换、溶剂萃取、吸附和光解，都是基于采用各种具有高表面积的纳米材料（NMs），包括碳纳米材料、聚合物、金属基和金属氧化物。然而，存在重大瓶颈，如毒性、成本、二次污染、尺寸和空间限制、能源效率、耗时延长、产出效率和可扩展性。相反，利用微生物制造的绿色纳米材料作为这些传统策略的经济高效、生态友好、可持续、安全且高效的替代品而出现。本综述总结了最新的微生物辅助绿色纳米材料和策略，包括微生物细胞、趋磁细菌（MTB）、生物强化和集成生物反应器，用于去除广泛的水污染物，解决与传统策略相关的挑战。此外，还根据可重复使用性、再生、去除效率和吸附容量等关键因素，对基于微生物辅助绿色纳米材料的水修复策略与传统方法的效果进行了比较分析。讨论了相关挑战、替代解决方案以及微生物辅助绿色纳米生物技术与包括纳米物联网、云计算和人工智能在内的先进工具集成的前沿前景。本综述为未来致力于基于可持续和绿色纳米生物技术的环境修复应用策略的研究打开了一扇新窗口。
