Gee Yee Jing, Sea Yi Lin, Lal Sunil Kumar
School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
Rev Med Virol. 2023 Mar;33(2):e2413. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2413. Epub 2022 Dec 11.
Lipid rafts are ubiquitous in cells. They are identified as cholesterol and glycosphingolipid enriched microdomains on cellular membranes. They serve as platforms for cellular communications by functioning in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Such structural organisation fulfils cellular needs for normal function, but at the same time increases vulnerability of cells to pathogen invasion. Viruses rely heavily on lipid rafts in basically every stage of the viral life cycle for successful infection. Various mechanisms of lipid rafts modification exploited by diverse viruses for attachment, internalisation, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly and release have been brought to light. This review focuses on virus-raft interactions and how a wide range of viruses manipulate lipid rafts at distinct stages of infection. The importance of virus-raft interactions in viral infections has inspired researchers to discover and develop antivirals that target this interaction, such as statins, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, viperin, 25-hydroxycholesterol and even anti-malarial drugs. The therapeutic modulations of lipid rafts as potential antiviral intervention from in vitro and in vivo evidence are discussed herein.
脂筏在细胞中普遍存在。它们被识别为细胞膜上富含胆固醇和糖鞘脂的微结构域。它们通过在信号转导和膜运输中发挥作用，作为细胞通讯的平台。这种结构组织满足了细胞正常功能的需求，但同时也增加了细胞对病原体入侵的易感性。病毒在病毒生命周期的几乎每个阶段都严重依赖脂筏来成功感染。不同病毒利用脂筏修饰的各种机制进行附着、内化、膜融合、基因组复制、组装和释放，这些机制已被揭示。本综述重点关注病毒与脂筏的相互作用，以及多种病毒在感染的不同阶段如何操纵脂筏。病毒与脂筏相互作用在病毒感染中的重要性激发了研究人员发现和开发针对这种相互作用的抗病毒药物，如他汀类药物、甲基-β-环糊精、viperin、25-羟基胆固醇甚至抗疟药物。本文讨论了基于体外和体内证据的脂筏治疗性调节作为潜在抗病毒干预措施的情况。
