适应进化作为蚊媒病毒性疾病出现和再现的驱动力。
Adaptive Evolution as a Driving Force of the Emergence and Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases.
机构信息
Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China.
出版信息
Viruses. 2022 Feb 21;14(2):435. doi: 10.3390/v14020435.
Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases impose a significant burden on global public health. The most common mosquito-borne viruses causing recent epidemics include flaviviruses in the family , including Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) and viruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Several factors may have contributed to the recent re-emergence and spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Among these important causes are the evolution of mosquito-borne viruses and the genetic mutations that make them more adaptive and virulent, leading to widespread epidemics. RNA viruses tend to acquire genetic diversity due to error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, thus promoting high mutation rates that support adaptation to environmental changes or host immunity. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the adaptive evolution of mosquito-borne viruses and their impact on viral infectivity, pathogenicity, vector fitness, transmissibility, epidemic potential and disease emergence.
新发和再发的蚊媒病毒性疾病对全球公共卫生造成了重大负担。最近引发疫情的最常见的蚊媒病毒包括黄病毒科的病毒，如登革热病毒（DENV）、寨卡病毒（ZIKV）、日本脑炎病毒（JEV）和西尼罗河病毒（WNV），以及基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）等病毒。有几个因素可能促成了蚊媒病毒性疾病的最近再次出现和传播。其中一些重要原因包括蚊媒病毒的进化和使它们更具适应性和毒性的遗传突变，导致广泛的流行。由于易错的 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶，RNA 病毒往往会获得遗传多样性，从而促进高突变率，支持对环境变化或宿主免疫的适应。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了蚊媒病毒的适应性进化的最新发现及其对病毒感染力、致病性、媒介适应性、传染性、流行潜力和疾病出现的影响。
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