Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Dec 12;16(12):e0010823. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010823. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Leptospirosis is an occupational, neglected febrile disease of bacterial origin transmitted between humans and animals. In this manuscript we summarize available data on Leptospira infection in HIV uninfected and in people living with HIV from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, identifying gaps in knowledge and recommend future research priorities.
Articles published between 1990 and 2021 were accessed by an online search of Google Scholar and Medline/PubMed performed between February 2020 and July 2022. The STATA program was used for the Meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence values with 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity were determined.
Thirty studies from eight SADC countries, reporting the prevalence on Leptospira were reviewed. A pooled prevalence of 19% (CI: 13-25%), a heterogeneity level of 96% and index score ranging from 2 to 9 was determined. Only four (4) studies reported HIV co-infection status. Three species of Leptospira (Leptospira interrogans (4), L. kirschneri (3), Leptospira borgpetersenii (1) and 23 serogroups were identified. The most frequently reported serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae (13), Grippotyphosa and Australis (10) followed by Sejroe (8).
Studies on human leptospirosis in the SADC region are scarce, especially in people living with HIV. Additional studies aimed at determining the prevalence and the role of the pathogen in people living with HIV, including detailed clinical, molecular and demographic data are recommended.
钩端螺旋体病是一种由细菌引起的职业性、被忽视的发热性疾病，在人类和动物之间传播。本文总结了南部非洲发展共同体（SADC）国家中未感染艾滋病毒和感染艾滋病毒的人群中钩端螺旋体感染的数据，确定了知识空白，并提出了未来的研究重点。
通过 2020 年 2 月至 2022 年 7 月在 Google Scholar 和 Medline/PubMed 上进行在线搜索，获取了 1990 年至 2021 年期间发表的文章。使用 STATA 程序进行 Meta 分析。确定了汇总的流行率值及其 95%置信区间和异质性。
从八个 SADC 国家审查了 30 项报告了钩端螺旋体流行率的研究。确定了 19%（CI：13-25%）的汇总流行率、96%的异质性水平和范围为 2 至 9 的指数评分。仅有 4 项研究报告了 HIV 合并感染状况。鉴定出三种钩端螺旋体（Leptospira interrogans（4）、L. kirschneri（3）、Leptospira borgpetersenii（1）和 23 个血清群。最常报告的血清群是 Icterohaemorrhagiae（13）、Grippotyphosa 和 Australis（10），其次是 Sejroe（8）。
在 SADC 地区，关于人类钩端螺旋体病的研究很少，尤其是在感染艾滋病毒的人群中。建议开展更多研究，以确定流行率以及病原体在感染艾滋病毒人群中的作用，包括详细的临床、分子和人口统计学数据。
