Li Junzhi, Chu Jing, Lui Vincent Chi Hang, Chen Shangsi, Chen Yan, Tam Paul Kwong Hang
Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Dec 13;9(12):796. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9120796.
Organoids as three-dimension (3D) cellular organizations partially mimic the physiological functions and micro-architecture of native tissues and organs, holding great potential for clinical applications. Advances in the identification of essential factors including physical cues and biochemical signals for controlling organoid development have contributed to the success of growing liver organoids from liver tissue and stem/progenitor cells. However, to recapitulate the physiological properties and the architecture of a native liver, one has to generate liver organoids that contain all the major liver cell types in correct proportions and relative 3D locations as found in a native liver. Recent advances in stem-cell-, biomaterial- and engineering-based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of a more sophisticated liver organoid culture resembling a near to native mini-liver in a dish. However, a comprehensive review on the recent advancement in the bioengineering liver organoid is still lacking. Here, we review the current liver organoid systems, focusing on the construction of the liver organoid system with various cell sources, the roles of growth factors for engineering liver organoids, as well as the recent advances in the bioengineering liver organoid disease models and their biomedical applications.
类器官作为三维（3D）细胞组织，部分模拟了天然组织和器官的生理功能及微观结构，在临床应用方面具有巨大潜力。在确定包括控制类器官发育的物理线索和生化信号等关键因素方面取得的进展，推动了从肝脏组织以及干细胞/祖细胞培育肝脏类器官的成功。然而，为了重现天然肝脏的生理特性和结构，必须生成包含所有主要肝细胞类型且比例正确、三维位置关系与天然肝脏相似的肝脏类器官。基于干细胞、生物材料和工程学的方法的最新进展已被纳入传统类器官培养方法中，以促进更复杂的肝脏类器官培养的发展，使其类似于培养皿中接近天然的微型肝脏。然而，目前仍缺乏对生物工程肝脏类器官最新进展的全面综述。在此，我们综述当前的肝脏类器官系统，重点关注利用各种细胞来源构建肝脏类器官系统、生长因子在工程化肝脏类器官中的作用，以及生物工程肝脏类器官疾病模型的最新进展及其生物医学应用。
