Vrij Aldert, Granhag Pär Anders, Ashkenazi Tzachi, Ganis Giorgio, Leal Sharon, Fisher Ronald P
Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Brain Sci. 2022 Dec 1;12(12):1644. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12121644.
This article provides an overview of verbal lie detection research. This type of research began in the 1970s with examining the relationship between deception and specific words. We briefly review this initial research. In the late 1980s, Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) emerged, a veracity assessment tool containing a list of verbal criteria. This was followed by Reality Monitoring (RM) and Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN), two other veracity assessment tools that contain lists of verbal criteria. We discuss their contents, theoretical rationales, and ability to identify truths and lies. We also discuss similarities and differences between CBCA, RM, and SCAN. In the mid 2000s, 'Interviewing to deception' emerged, with the goal of developing specific interview protocols aimed at enhancing or eliciting verbal veracity cues. We outline the four most widely researched interview protocols to date: the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE), Verifiability Approach (VA), Cognitive Credibility Assessment (CCA), and Reality Interviewing (RI). We briefly discuss the working of these protocols, their theoretical rationales and empirical support, as well as the similarities and differences between them. We conclude this article with elaborating on how neuroscientists can inform and improve verbal lie detection.
本文概述了言语测谎研究。这类研究始于20世纪70年代，当时主要研究欺骗与特定词汇之间的关系。我们简要回顾一下这项早期研究。20世纪80年代末，基于标准的内容分析（CBCA）出现了，这是一种包含言语标准列表的真实性评估工具。随后出现了现实监控（RM）和科学内容分析（SCAN），这是另外两种包含言语标准列表的真实性评估工具。我们讨论了它们的内容、理论依据以及辨别真话和谎言的能力。我们还讨论了CBCA、RM和SCAN之间的异同。21世纪中期，“针对欺骗的访谈”出现了，其目标是制定特定的访谈方案，旨在增强或引出言语真实性线索。我们概述了迄今为止研究最广泛的四种访谈方案：证据的策略性运用（SUE）、可验证性方法（VA）、认知可信度评估（CCA）和现实访谈（RI）。我们简要讨论了这些方案的运作方式、理论依据和实证支持，以及它们之间的异同。我们在本文结尾阐述了神经科学家如何为言语测谎提供信息并加以改进。
