Beutel Manfred E, Brähler Elmar, Ernst Mareike, Klein Eva, Reiner Iris, Wiltink Jörg, Michal Matthias, Wild Philipp S, Schulz Andreas, Münzel Thomas, Hahad Omar, König Jochem, Lackner Karl J, Pfeiffer Norbert, Tibubos Ana N
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
Eur J Public Health. 2020 Jun 1;30(3):516-521. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa015.
Cross-sectional studies have shown that noise annoyance is strongly associated with mental distress, however, its long-term effects on mental health is unknown. We therefore investigated whether noise annoyance predicts depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance in a large, representative sample 5 years later.
We investigated longitudinal data of N = 11 905 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study, a population-based, prospective, single-centre cohort study in mid-Germany (age at baseline 35-74 years). Noise annoyance was assessed at baseline and 5-year follow-up (sources: road traffic, aircraft, railways, industrial, neighbourhood indoor and outdoor noise; and day vs. nighttime). Depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2. Participants suffering from depression, anxiety or sleep disturbance at baseline were excluded from the respective multivariate analyses of new onset at follow-up.
General noise annoyance remained stable. Daytime noise annoyance predicted new onset of depressive, anxiety symptoms (also nighttime annoyance) and sleep disturbance (beyond respective baseline scores). Additional predictors were female sex, lower age and low socioeconomic status (SES). Regarding specific sources, daytime baseline aircraft annoyance predicted depression and anxiety. Sleep disturbance was most consistently predicted by neighbourhood annoyance (baseline and follow-up) and follow-up annoyance by aircraft (night) and road traffic (day and night).
We identified current and past noise annoyances as risk factors for mental distress and sleep disturbance. Furthermore, women, younger adults and those with lower SES are particularly susceptible to noise annoyance. Our results indicate the need to provide regulatory measures in affected areas to prevent mental health problems.
横断面研究表明，噪音烦恼与精神困扰密切相关，但其对心理健康的长期影响尚不清楚。因此，我们调查了噪音烦恼是否能预测5年后一个具有代表性的大样本中的抑郁、焦虑和睡眠障碍。
我们调查了古登堡健康研究中N = 11905名参与者的纵向数据，这是一项基于德国中部人群的前瞻性单中心队列研究（基线年龄35 - 74岁）。在基线和5年随访时评估噪音烦恼（来源：道路交通、飞机、铁路、工业、邻里室内外噪音；以及白天与夜间）。使用患者健康问卷-9和广泛性焦虑症-2评估抑郁、焦虑和睡眠障碍。在基线时患有抑郁、焦虑或睡眠障碍的参与者被排除在随访时新发疾病的各自多变量分析之外。
总体噪音烦恼保持稳定。白天噪音烦恼可预测抑郁、焦虑症状（夜间烦恼也有此作用）和睡眠障碍的新发（超出各自基线评分）。其他预测因素包括女性、较低年龄和低社会经济地位（SES）。关于特定来源，白天基线时飞机噪音烦恼可预测抑郁和焦虑。睡眠障碍最一致的预测因素是邻里噪音烦恼（基线和随访）以及飞机（夜间）和道路交通（白天和夜间）的随访噪音烦恼。
我们确定当前和过去的噪音烦恼是精神困扰和睡眠障碍的危险因素。此外，女性、年轻人和社会经济地位较低的人特别容易受到噪音烦恼的影响。我们的结果表明需要在受影响地区提供监管措施以预防心理健康问题。
