Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 13;23(24):15861. doi: 10.3390/ijms232415861.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most multifactorial joint disorders in adults. It is characterized by degenerative and inflammatory processes that are responsible for joint destruction, pain and stiffness. Despite therapeutic advances, the search for alternative strategies to target inflammation and pain is still very challenging. In this regard, there is a growing body of evidence for the role of several bioactive dietary molecules (BDMs) in targeting inflammation and pain, with promising clinical results. BDMs may be valuable non-pharmaceutical solutions to treat and prevent the evolution of early OA to more severe phenotypes, overcoming the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Among BDMs, polyphenols (PPs) are widely studied due to their abundance in several plants, together with their benefits in halting inflammation and pain. Despite their biological relevance, there are still many questionable aspects (biosafety, bioavailability, etc.) that hinder their clinical application. This review highlights the mechanisms of action and biological targets modulated by PPs, summarizes the data on their anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in different preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of OA and underlines the gaps in the knowledge. Furthermore, this work reports the preliminary promising results of clinical studies on OA patients treated with PPs and discusses new perspectives to accelerate the translation of PPs treatment into the clinics.
膝骨关节炎（OA）是成年人中最复杂的关节疾病之一。其特征是退行性和炎症过程，这些过程导致关节破坏、疼痛和僵硬。尽管治疗方法有所进步，但寻找针对炎症和疼痛的替代策略仍然极具挑战性。在这方面，越来越多的证据表明，几种生物活性膳食分子（BDMs）在靶向炎症和疼痛方面具有重要作用，并取得了有前景的临床结果。BDMs 可能是治疗和预防早期 OA 向更严重表型发展的有价值的非药物解决方案，可以克服抗炎药物的副作用。在 BDMs 中，多酚（PPs）由于其在多种植物中的丰富性以及在阻止炎症和疼痛方面的益处，受到广泛研究。尽管它们具有生物学相关性，但仍有许多值得怀疑的方面（生物安全性、生物利用度等）阻碍了它们的临床应用。本综述强调了 PPs 调节的作用机制和生物学靶点，总结了它们在不同的 OA 体外和体内前临床模型中抗炎和抗伤害感受作用的数据，并强调了知识空白。此外，本工作还报告了用 PPs 治疗 OA 患者的临床研究的初步有希望的结果，并讨论了加速将 PPs 治疗转化为临床应用的新视角。
