Żymańczyk-Duda Ewa, Samson Sunday Ocholi, Brzezińska-Rodak Małgorzata, Klimek-Ochab Magdalena
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 29, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Microorganisms. 2022 Nov 23;10(12):2318. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122318.
Cyanobacteria are blue-green Gram-negative and photosynthetic bacteria which are seen as one of the most morphologically numerous groups of prokaryotes. Because of their ability to fix gaseous nitrogen and carbon dioxide to organic materials, they are known to play important roles in the universal nutrient cycle. Cyanobacteria has emerged as one of the promising resources to combat the issues of global warming, disease outbreaks, nutrition insecurity, energy crises as well as persistent daily human population increases. Cyanobacteria possess significant levels of macro and micronutrient substances which facilitate the versatile popularity to be utilized as human food and protein supplements in many countries such as Asia. Cyanobacteria has been employed as a complementary dietary constituent of feed for poultry and as vitamin and protein supplement in aquatic lives. They are effectively used to deal with numerous tasks in various fields of biotechnology, such as agricultural (including aquaculture), industrial (food and dairy products), environmental (pollution control), biofuel (bioenergy) and pharmaceutical biotechnology (such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant, anticoagulant and antitumor); recently, the growing interest of applying them as biocatalysts has been observed as well. Cyanobacteria are known to generate a numerous variety of bioactive compounds. However, the versatile potential applications of cyanobacteria in biotechnology could be their significant growth rate and survival in severe environmental conditions due to their distinct and unique metabolic pathways as well as active defensive mechanisms. In this review, we elaborated on the versatile cyanobacteria applications in different areas of biotechnology. We also emphasized the factors that could impede the implementation to cyanobacteria applications in biotechnology and the execution of strategies to enhance their effective applications.
蓝藻是革兰氏阴性的蓝绿色光合细菌，被视为原核生物中形态最为多样的群体之一。由于它们能够将气态氮和二氧化碳固定为有机物质，因此在全球营养循环中发挥着重要作用。蓝藻已成为应对全球变暖、疾病爆发、营养不安全、能源危机以及持续的人口增长等问题的有前景的资源之一。蓝藻含有大量的常量和微量营养物质，这使得它们在亚洲等许多国家被广泛用作人类食物和蛋白质补充剂。蓝藻已被用作家禽饲料的补充膳食成分以及水生生物的维生素和蛋白质补充剂。它们有效地用于处理生物技术各个领域的众多任务，如农业（包括水产养殖）、工业（食品和乳制品）、环境（污染控制）、生物燃料（生物能源）和药物生物技术（如抗菌、抗炎、免疫抑制、抗凝和抗肿瘤）；最近，人们也观察到将它们用作生物催化剂的兴趣日益增加。已知蓝藻能产生多种生物活性化合物。然而，蓝藻在生物技术中的广泛潜在应用可能归因于其显著的生长速度以及由于其独特的代谢途径和活跃的防御机制而在恶劣环境条件下的生存能力。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了蓝藻在生物技术不同领域的广泛应用。我们还强调了可能阻碍蓝藻在生物技术中应用的因素以及提高其有效应用的策略的实施。
