Ahmed Sadia, Singh Sargun, Singh Vaidhvi, Roberts Kyle D, Zaidi Arsalan, Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander
Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 7;10(12):2427. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122427.
Weissella is a genus earlier considered a member of the family Leuconostocaceae, which was reclassified into the family Lactobacillaceae in 1993. Recently, there have been studies emphasizing the probiotic and anti-inflammatory potential of various species of Weissella, of which W. confusa and W. cibaria are the most representative. Other species within this genus include: W. paramesenteroides, W. viridescens, W. halotolerans, W. minor, W. kandleri, W. soli, W. ghanensis, W. hellenica, W. thailandensis, W. fabalis, W. cryptocerci, W. koreensis, W. beninensis, W. fabaria, W. oryzae, W. ceti, W. uvarum, W. bombi, W. sagaensis, W. kimchi, W. muntiaci, W. jogaejeotgali, W. coleopterorum, W. hanii, W. salipiscis, and W. diestrammenae. Weissella confusa, W. paramesenteroides, W. koreensis, and W. cibaria are among the few species that have been isolated from human samples, although the identification of these and other species is possible using metagenomics, as we have shown for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls. We were able to isolate Weissella in gut-associated bacteria (post 24 h food deprivation and laxatives). Other sources of isolation include fermented food, soil, and skin/gut/saliva of insects/animals. With the potential for hospital and industrial applications, there is a concern about possible infections. Herein, we present the current applications of Weissella on its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory mechanistic effects, the predisposing factors (e.g., vancomycin) for pathogenicity in humans, and the antimicrobials used in patients. To address the medical concerns, we examined 28 case reports focused on W. confusa and found that 78.5% of infections were bacteremia (of which 7 were fatal; 1 for lack of treatment), 8 were associated with underlying malignancies, and 8 with gastrointestinal procedures/diseases of which 2 were Crohn’s disease patients. In cases of a successful resolution, commonly administered antibiotics included: cephalosporin, ampicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and daptomycin. Despite reports of Weissella-related infections, the evolving mechanistic findings suggest that Weissella are clinically treatable bacteria with emerging antimicrobial and probiotic benefits ranging from oral health, skin care, obesity, and inflammatory diseases to cancer.
魏斯氏菌属是一个较早被认为属于明串珠菌科的属，该科于1993年被重新分类为乳杆菌科。最近，有研究强调了各种魏斯氏菌的益生菌和抗炎潜力，其中困惑魏斯氏菌和食窦魏斯氏菌最具代表性。该属中的其他物种包括：副肠系膜魏斯氏菌、绿色魏斯氏菌、耐盐魏斯氏菌、微小魏斯氏菌、坎德勒魏斯氏菌、土壤魏斯氏菌、加纳魏斯氏菌、希腊魏斯氏菌、泰国魏斯氏菌、蚕豆魏斯氏菌、隐尾魏斯氏菌、韩国魏斯氏菌、贝宁魏斯氏菌、法氏魏斯氏菌、米根魏斯氏菌、鲸魏斯氏菌、葡萄魏斯氏菌、熊蜂魏斯氏菌、佐贺魏斯氏菌、泡菜魏斯氏菌、小麂魏斯氏菌、腌蟹魏斯氏菌、鞘翅目魏斯氏菌、哈氏魏斯氏菌、盐沼鱼魏斯氏菌和迪氏魏斯氏菌。困惑魏斯氏菌、副肠系膜魏斯氏菌、韩国魏斯氏菌和食窦魏斯氏菌是少数已从人类样本中分离出来的物种，尽管如我们在炎症性肠病（IBD）和健康对照研究中所示，使用宏基因组学可以鉴定这些和其他物种。我们能够在肠道相关细菌中分离出魏斯氏菌（禁食24小时并服用泻药后）。其他分离来源包括发酵食品、土壤以及昆虫/动物的皮肤/肠道/唾液。鉴于其在医院和工业应用中的潜力，人们担心可能会发生感染。在此，我们介绍了魏斯氏菌在抗菌和抗炎作用机制方面的当前应用、人类致病性的诱发因素（如万古霉素）以及患者使用的抗菌药物。为了解决医学上的担忧，我们研究了28篇聚焦于困惑魏斯氏菌的病例报告，发现78.5%的感染为菌血症（其中7例死亡；1例因未治疗），8例与潜在恶性肿瘤相关，8例与胃肠道手术/疾病相关，其中2例为克罗恩病患者。在成功治愈的病例中，常用的抗生素包括：头孢菌素、氨苄西林、哌拉西林 - 他唑巴坦和达托霉素。尽管有魏斯氏菌相关感染的报道，但不断发展的机制研究结果表明，魏斯氏菌是临床上可治疗的细菌，具有从口腔健康、皮肤护理、肥胖、炎症性疾病到癌症等新兴的抗菌和益生菌益处。
