Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, St. Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 13;27(24):8852. doi: 10.3390/molecules27248852.
Microalgae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that are widely used in the industry as cell factories to produce valuable substances, such as fatty acids (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), sterols (sitosterol), recombinant therapeutic proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, phenolic compounds (gallic acid, quercetin), and pigments (β-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein). Phenolic compounds and carotenoids, including those extracted from microalgae, possess beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, and direct health-promoting effects, which may alleviate oxidative stress and age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. The production of valuable microalgal metabolites can be modified by using abiotic stressors, such as light, salinity, nutrient availability, and xenobiotics (for instance, phytohormones).
微藻是光合真核生物，被广泛用作工业中的细胞工厂，以生产有价值的物质，如脂肪酸（多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA））、固醇（谷甾醇）、重组治疗蛋白、碳水化合物、维生素、酚类化合物（没食子酸、槲皮素）和色素（β-胡萝卜素、虾青素、叶黄素）。酚类化合物和类胡萝卜素，包括从微藻中提取的化合物，具有有益的生物活性，如抗氧化能力、抗菌和免疫调节活性以及直接促进健康的作用，这些作用可能减轻氧化应激和与年龄相关的疾病，包括心血管疾病或糖尿病。可以通过使用非生物胁迫因素，如光照、盐度、养分供应和外源化合物（例如，植物激素）来改变有价值的微藻代谢产物的生产。
