de Sales Romário Oliveira, Leaden Laura, Migliorini Letícia Busato, Severino Patricia
Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 22;11(12):1394. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11121394.
is considered an opportunistic pathogen frequently involved with healthcare-associated infections. The genome of is versatile, harbors diverse virulence factors and easily acquires and exchanges resistance plasmids, facilitating the emergence of new threatening clones. In the last years, ST16 has been described as an emergent, clinically relevant strain, increasingly associated with outbreaks, and carrying virulence factors (such as ICE, , ) and a diversity of resistance genes. However, a far-reaching phylogenetic study of ST16, including geographically, clinically and temporally distributed isolates is not available. In this work, we analyzed all publicly available ST16 genomes in terms of virulence factors, including capsular lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide diversity, plasmids and antimicrobial resistance genes. A core genome SNP analysis shows that less than 1% of studied sites were variant sites, with a median pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism difference of 87 SNPs. The number and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes, but not of virulence-related genes, increased consistently in ST16 strains during the studied period. A genomic comparison between ST16 and the high-risk clone ST11 , showed great similarities in their capacity to acquire resistance and virulence markers, differing mostly in the great diversity of capsular lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide types in ST11, in comparison with ST16. While virulence and antimicrobial resistance scores indicated that ST11 might still constitute a more difficult-to-manage strain, results presented here demonstrate the great potential of the ST16 clone becoming critical in public health.
被认为是一种经常与医疗保健相关感染有关的机会致病菌。其基因组具有多样性，含有多种毒力因子，并且容易获得和交换耐药质粒，这促进了新的威胁性克隆的出现。在过去几年中，ST16已被描述为一种新兴的、具有临床相关性的菌株，越来越多地与暴发相关，并携带毒力因子（如ICE、 、 ）和多种耐药基因。然而，目前尚无对ST16进行广泛的系统发育研究，包括地理、临床和时间上分布的分离株。在这项工作中，我们从毒力因子方面分析了所有公开可用的ST16基因组，包括荚膜脂多糖和多糖多样性、质粒和抗菌耐药基因。核心基因组单核苷酸多态性分析表明，研究位点中不到1%是变异位点，成对单核苷酸多态性差异的中位数为87个单核苷酸多态性。在研究期间，ST16菌株中抗菌耐药基因的数量和多样性持续增加，但毒力相关基因的数量和多样性并未增加。ST16与高风险克隆ST11 的基因组比较显示，它们在获得耐药性和毒力标记的能力方面有很大相似性，与ST16相比，ST11的荚膜脂多糖和多糖类型的多样性差异较大。虽然毒力和抗菌耐药性评分表明ST11可能仍然是一种更难管理的菌株，但本文的结果表明ST16克隆在公共卫生方面具有成为关键菌株的巨大潜力。
