Lou Kecheng, Feng Shangzhi, Luo Hui, Zou Junrong, Zhang Guoxi, Zou Xiaofeng
The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Dec 15;10:1097074. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1097074. eCollection 2022.
Macrophages (Mφs) are significant innate immune cells that perform a variety of tasks in response to different pathogens or stimuli. They are widely engaged in the pathological processes of various diseases and can contribute to tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis by regulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. They are also the basis of chemoresistance. In turn, the tumor microenvironment and the metabolism of cancer cells can limit the differentiation, polarization, mobilization and the ability of Mφs to initiate an effective anti-tumor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by live cells that serve as crucial mediators of intercellular cell communication as well as a potential promising drug carrier. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that Mφs-EVs are not only important mediators in the pathological processes of various diseases such as inflammatory disorders, fibrosis and cancer, but also show significant potential in immunological modulation, cancer therapy, infectious defense and tissue repair. These natural nanoparticles (NPs) derived from Mφs are believed to be pleiotropic, stable, biocompatible and low immunogenic, providing novel alternatives for cancer treatment. This review provides an update on the pathological and therapeutic roles of Mφs-EVs in cancer, as well as their potential clinical applications and prospects.
巨噬细胞（Mφs）是重要的固有免疫细胞，可针对不同病原体或刺激执行多种任务。它们广泛参与各种疾病的病理过程，并可通过调节肿瘤微环境和癌细胞促进肿瘤发生、进展和转移。它们也是化疗耐药的基础。反过来，肿瘤微环境和癌细胞的代谢会限制Mφs的分化、极化、迁移以及引发有效抗肿瘤反应的能力。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是活细胞释放的小囊泡，是细胞间通讯的关键介质以及潜在的有前景的药物载体。越来越多的研究表明，Mφs-EVs不仅是炎症性疾病、纤维化和癌症等各种疾病病理过程中的重要介质，而且在免疫调节、癌症治疗、抗感染防御和组织修复方面也显示出巨大潜力。这些源自Mφs的天然纳米颗粒（NPs）被认为具有多效性、稳定性、生物相容性和低免疫原性，为癌症治疗提供了新的选择。本综述提供了关于Mφs-EVs在癌症中的病理和治疗作用及其潜在临床应用和前景的最新信息。
