Niu Jingwen, Qi Jianzhao, Wang Pengchao, Liu Chengwei, Gao Jin-Ming
Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2023 Jan 3;13(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s13659-022-00368-7.
Indole diterpenoids (IDTs) are an essential class of structurally diverse fungal secondary metabolites, that generally appear to be restricted to a limited number of fungi, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Claviceps, and Epichloe species, etc. These compounds share a typical core structure consisting of a cyclic diterpene skeleton of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and an indole ring moiety derived from indole-3-glycerol phosphate (IGP). 3-geranylgeranylindole (3-GGI) is the common precursor of all IDTs. On this basis, it is modified by cyclization, oxidation, and prenylation to generate a large class of compounds with complex structures. These compounds exhibit antibacterial, anti-insect, and ion channel inhibitory activities. We summarized 204 compounds of IDTs discovered from various fungi over the past 50 years, these compounds were reclassified, and their biological activities were summarized. This review will help to understand the structural diversity of IDTs and provide help for their physiological activities.
吲哚二萜类化合物（IDTs）是一类重要的结构多样的真菌次级代谢产物，通常似乎仅限于少数几种真菌，如青霉属、曲霉属、麦角菌属和香柱菌属等。这些化合物具有一个典型的核心结构，由香叶基香叶基二磷酸（GGPP）的环状二萜骨架和一个源自吲哚-3-甘油磷酸（IGP）的吲哚环部分组成。3-香叶基香叶基吲哚（3-GGI）是所有IDTs的共同前体。在此基础上，通过环化、氧化和异戊烯基化对其进行修饰，以生成一大类结构复杂的化合物。这些化合物具有抗菌、抗昆虫和离子通道抑制活性。我们总结了过去50年从各种真菌中发现的204种IDTs化合物，对这些化合物进行了重新分类，并总结了它们的生物活性。这篇综述将有助于了解IDTs的结构多样性，并为其生理活性提供帮助。
