Brancucci Alfredo, Rivolta Davide, Nitsche Michael A, Manippa Valerio
Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie, Umane e della Salute, Università di Roma "Foro Italico", Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Psicologia, Comunicazione, Università degli studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy.
Physiol Behav. 2023 Mar 15;261:114073. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114073. Epub 2023 Jan 3.
The present review considers all papers published on the topic up to the end of the year 2022. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique introduced about 15 years ago whose use is becoming increasingly widespread in neuroscience. It consists of the application over the scalp of a weak, white noise-like current, through electrodes having a surface of several square centimetres, for a duration ranging from seconds to minutes. Despite its relatively low spatial and temporal resolution, tRNS has well defined effects on central motor excitability, which critically depend on stimulation parameters. These effects seem to be chiefly based on an effect on neuronal membrane sodium channels and can last much longer than the stimulation itself. While the effects at the cellular level in the motor cortex are becoming progressively clear, much more studies are needed to understand the effects of tRNS on motor behaviour and performance, where initial research results are nevertheless promising, in both basic and applied research.
本综述涵盖了截至2022年底发表的关于该主题的所有论文。经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS）是大约15年前引入的一种非侵入性神经调节技术，其在神经科学中的应用越来越广泛。它包括通过具有几平方厘米表面的电极，在头皮上施加微弱的、类似白噪声的电流，持续时间从几秒到几分钟。尽管其空间和时间分辨率相对较低，但tRNS对中枢运动兴奋性有明确的影响，这关键取决于刺激参数。这些影响似乎主要基于对神经元膜钠通道的作用，并且可以比刺激本身持续更长时间。虽然运动皮层细胞水平的影响越来越清晰，但仍需要更多的研究来了解tRNS对运动行为和表现的影响，在基础研究和应用研究中，初步研究结果都很有前景。
