Department of Crop Production, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4 St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
Doctoral School, University of Rzeszow, st Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 28;28(1):241. doi: 10.3390/molecules28010241.
Heavy metal stress can lead to many adverse effects that inhibit cellular processes at various levels of metabolism, causing a decrease in plant productivity. In response to environmental stressors, phenolic compounds fulfill significant molecular and biochemical functions in plants. Increasing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in plants subjected to heavy metal stress helps protect plants from oxidative stress. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) salts at concentrations of 200, 500, and 1000 ppm on seed germination, the activity of enzymes in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), along with the total phenol and flavonoid contents in seedlings of hybrid L. (winter wheat) cultivars. The accumulation of heavy metals, especially Cu, had a negative impact on the seed germination process. The cultivar "Hyacinth" reacted most strongly to heavy metal stress, which was confirmed by obtaining the lowest values of the germination parameters. Heavy metal stress caused an increase in the activity of PAL and TAL enzymes and an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Under the influence of Cu, the highest activity was shown in cv. "Hyvento" (especially at 200 ppm) and, due to the accumulation of Pb, in cv. "Hyacinth" (1000 ppm) and cv. "Hyking" (200 ppm). The cultivar "Hyking" had the highest content of phenolic compounds, which did not increase with the application of higher concentrations of metals. In other cultivars, the highest content of total phenols and flavonoids was usually observed at the lowest concentration (200 ppm) of the tested heavy metals, Cu and Pb.
重金属胁迫会导致许多不良反应，抑制代谢各个水平的细胞过程，导致植物生产力下降。为了应对环境胁迫，酚类化合物在植物中发挥着重要的分子和生化功能。增加受到重金属胁迫的植物中酚类化合物的生物合成有助于保护植物免受氧化应激。进行了盆栽实验，以确定在 200、500 和 1000 ppm 浓度下积累铜 (Cu) 和铅 (Pb) 盐对种子发芽、苯丙氨酸氨解酶途径 (PAL) 和酪氨酸氨解酶 (TAL) 酶活性以及杂种 L.（冬小麦）品种幼苗中总酚和类黄酮含量的影响。重金属的积累，特别是 Cu，对种子发芽过程有负面影响。“风信子”品种对重金属胁迫的反应最为强烈，这从发芽参数获得的最低值得到证实。重金属胁迫会增加 PAL 和 TAL 酶的活性并增加酚类化合物的积累。在 Cu 的影响下，“Hyvento”品种表现出最高的活性（特别是在 200 ppm 时），而由于 Pb 的积累，“风信子”品种（1000 ppm）和“Hyking”品种（200 ppm）表现出最高的活性。“Hyking”品种酚类化合物含量最高，但随着金属浓度的升高，含量并未增加。在其他品种中，总酚和类黄酮的含量通常在测试重金属 Cu 和 Pb 的最低浓度（200 ppm）下最高。
