Avolio Alberto, Cox James, Louka Kyrollos, Shirbani Fatemeh, Tan Isabella, Qasem Ahmad, Butlin Mark
Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Pulse (Basel). 2022 Apr 22;10(1-4):34-45. doi: 10.1159/000522660. eCollection 2022 Dec.
The global health burden presented by hypertension is providing increased motivation for improved means of collection of blood pressure (BP) data. A growing area of research and commercial activity is the use of wearable devices to provide BP data using non-invasive cuffless techniques. The accelerated progress in recent years, particularly relating to connectivity of smartphone technology, has promoted the availability of consumer devices that provide values of BP. The main types of devices are wrist-worn, watch-type devices with sensors that typically record a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, sometimes also with an electrocardiography (ECG) signal. The general underlying concept of the cuffless BP measurement in most device types is the association of BP and the travel time of the arterial pulse between two locations, determined from the time delay between the ECG and PPG signals. Other methods may involve additional analysis of the PPG waveform features. Experimental data are presented to illustrate the challenges presented by cuffless BP techniques in obtaining reliable BP measurements when the change in BP is caused by different stimuli affecting cardiac and vascular mechanisms. These effects influence the association of the measured and physiological BP change, thus presenting significant challenges and potential limitations in the use of cuffless BP devices for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
高血压所带来的全球健康负担促使人们更积极地寻求改进血压（BP）数据的收集方法。利用可穿戴设备通过无创无袖带技术提供血压数据，正成为一个日益活跃的研究和商业领域。近年来的快速发展，尤其是与智能手机技术连接性相关的进展，推动了能够提供血压值的消费设备的普及。主要的设备类型是腕戴式手表型设备，其传感器通常记录光电容积脉搏波描记法（PPG）信号，有时还记录心电图（ECG）信号。大多数设备类型中无袖带血压测量的基本概念是，根据心电图和PPG信号之间的时间延迟，将血压与动脉脉搏在两个位置之间的传播时间关联起来。其他方法可能涉及对PPG波形特征的进一步分析。本文给出了实验数据，以说明当血压变化是由影响心脏和血管机制的不同刺激引起时，无袖带血压技术在获取可靠血压测量值方面所面临的挑战。这些影响会影响测量到的血压变化与生理血压变化之间的关联，从而给使用无袖带血压设备诊断和治疗高血压带来重大挑战和潜在限制。
