婴儿和幼儿肠道微生物组的发展：一项前瞻性队列研究。
Development of gut mycobiome in infants and young children: a prospective cohort study.
机构信息
Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
出版信息
Pediatr Res. 2023 Aug;94(2):486-494. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02471-y. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
BACKGROUND
The composition of the gut fungal microbiome, mycobiome, is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. Here we investigate how perinatal events influence the development of gut mycobiome.
METHODS
In this prospective cohort study of 140 infants, we used ITS gene sequencing of fecal samples from birth to the age of 18 months. We compared gut mycobiome composition according to delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotics during vaginal delivery.
RESULTS
At birth, gut mycobiome were dominated by the genus Candida, at 6-month stool samples by Malassezia and Cystofilobasidium, and the 18-month stool samples by Trichosporon and unidentified fungi. Perinatal factors altered mycobiome. At 18 months, gut mycobiome of infants born vaginally consisted mostly of Trichosporon (32%) and unidentified fungi (31%), while those born via Cesarean section delivery samples had mycobiome dominated by Saccharomyces (50%). At the age of 18 months, those exposed to intrapartum antibiotics had mycobiome dominated by Trichosporon (66%) not seen in those unexposed to antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
Delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age.
IMPACT
The composition of the gut mycobiome is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. In this prospective cohort study, delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age. The impact of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on fungal microbiome in vaginally born infants, previously shown to influence gut bacteriome composition, may be explained by the interaction between bacteria and fungi. Gut mycobiome composition likely deserves further investigation in relation to gut microbiome and health in children.
背景
肠道真菌微生物组（即菌）的组成可能与人类健康有关。然而，人们对婴儿和儿童肠道菌的发育知之甚少。本研究旨在调查围产期事件如何影响肠道菌的发育。
方法
在这项对 140 名婴儿的前瞻性队列研究中，我们使用粪便样本的 ITS 基因测序，从出生到 18 个月。我们比较了不同分娩方式和阴道分娩时使用产时抗生素对肠道菌组成的影响。
结果
在出生时，肠道菌主要由念珠菌属组成，在 6 个月的粪便样本中由马拉色菌属和柱隔孢菌属组成，在 18 个月的粪便样本中由毛孢子菌属和未鉴定真菌组成。围产期因素改变了菌。在 18 个月时，阴道分娩婴儿的肠道菌主要由毛孢子菌属（32%）和未鉴定真菌（31%）组成，而经剖宫产分娩的婴儿的肠道菌则以酿酒酵母属（50%）为主。在 18 个月时，暴露于产时抗生素的婴儿的肠道菌以毛孢子菌属（66%）为主，而未暴露于抗生素的婴儿则没有这种情况。
结论
分娩方式和暴露于产时抗生素预防与从出生到 18 个月的肠道菌组成明显相关。
影响
肠道菌的组成可能与人类健康有关。然而，人们对婴儿和儿童肠道菌的发育知之甚少。在这项前瞻性队列研究中，分娩方式和暴露于产时抗生素预防与从出生到 18 个月的肠道菌组成明显相关。先前的研究表明，产时抗生素预防对阴道分娩婴儿肠道细菌组成的影响，可能是由于细菌和真菌之间的相互作用。肠道菌组成可能值得进一步研究，以了解其与儿童肠道微生物组和健康的关系。
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