Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 12;24(2):1536. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021536.
Phages are highly ubiquitous biological agents, which means they are ideal tools for molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology. The development of a phage display technology was a turning point in the design of phage-based vaccines. Phages are now recognized as universal adjuvant-free nanovaccine platforms. Phages are well-suited for vaccine design owing to their high stability in harsh conditions and simple and inexpensive large-scale production. The aim of this review is to summarize the overall breadth of the antiviral therapeutic perspective of phages contributing to the development of phage-based vaccines for COVID-19. We show that phage vaccines induce a strong and specific humoral response by targeted phage particles carrying the epitopes of SARS-CoV-2. Further, the engineering of the T4 bacteriophage by CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) presents phage vaccines as a valuable platform with potential capabilities of genetic plasticity, intrinsic immunogenicity, and stability.
噬菌体是高度普遍存在的生物制剂，这意味着它们是分子生物学和重组 DNA 技术的理想工具。噬菌体展示技术的发展是基于噬菌体的疫苗设计的一个转折点。噬菌体现在被认为是通用的无佐剂纳米疫苗平台。噬菌体非常适合疫苗设计，因为它们在恶劣条件下具有很高的稳定性，并且可以简单、廉价地进行大规模生产。本文综述的目的是总结噬菌体在抗病毒治疗方面的广泛应用，为基于噬菌体的 COVID-19 疫苗的开发提供帮助。我们表明，靶向携带 SARS-CoV-2 表位的噬菌体颗粒的噬菌体疫苗可诱导强烈而特异的体液免疫反应。此外，通过 CRISPR（成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列）对 T4 噬菌体进行工程改造，使噬菌体疫苗成为一种具有潜在遗传可塑性、固有免疫原性和稳定性的有价值平台。
