Kiani Bushra Hafeez, Ajmal Qudsia, Akhtar Nosheen, Haq Ihsan-Ul, Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A, Malik Abdul, Aufy Mohammed, Ullah Nazif
Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 12;12(2):362. doi: 10.3390/plants12020362.
Green nanoparticle synthesis is considered the most efficient and safe nanoparticle synthesis method, both economically and environmentally. The current research was focused on synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from fruit and leaf extracts of . Four solvents (n-hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) were used to prepare the extracts from both plant parts by maceration and extraction. Zinc acetate was used to synthesize the nanoparticles (NPs), and color change indicated the synthesis of ZnONPs. X-ray diffraction, UV spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the ZnONPs. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed an absorbance peak in the 350-400 nm range. XRD patterns revealed the face-centered cubic structure of the ZnONPs. SEM confirmed a spherical morphology and a size range between 64 and 82 nm. Phytochemical assays confirmed that the complete flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid concentrations were higher in unrefined solvent extracts than in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of fruit aqueous extracts showed stronger antioxidant activity compared with the crude extracts. Strong antifungal activity was exhibited by the leaves, crude extracts, and nanoparticles of the n-hexane solvent. In a protein kinase inhibition assay, the maximum bald zone was revealed by nanoparticles of ethyl acetate extracts from leaves. The crude extracts and nanoparticles of leaves showed high cytotoxic activities of the n-hexane solvent, with LC values of 42.08 and 46.35, respectively. Potential antidiabetic activity was shown by the n-hexane (93.42%) and aqueous (82.54%) nanoparticles of the fruit. The bioactivity of the plant showed that it is a good candidate for therapeutic use. The biosynthesized ZnONPs showed promising antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Additionally, the in vivo assessment of a nano-directed drug delivery system for future therapeutic use can be conducted based on this study.
绿色纳米颗粒合成在经济和环境方面都被认为是最有效且安全的纳米颗粒合成方法。当前的研究集中于从[植物名称]的果实和叶子提取物中合成氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONPs）。使用四种溶剂（正己烷、甲醇、乙酸乙酯和水）通过浸渍和萃取从植物的这两个部位制备提取物。乙酸锌用于合成纳米颗粒（NPs），颜色变化表明ZnONPs的合成。使用X射线衍射、紫外光谱和扫描电子显微镜来研究ZnONPs。紫外可见光谱显示在350 - 400nm范围内有一个吸收峰。XRD图谱揭示了ZnONPs的面心立方结构。SEM证实了其球形形态以及64至82nm的尺寸范围。植物化学分析证实，未精制的溶剂提取物中完整的黄酮类、酚类和生物碱浓度高于纳米颗粒中的浓度。果实水提取物的纳米颗粒与粗提物相比表现出更强的抗氧化活性。正己烷溶剂的叶子、粗提物和纳米颗粒表现出较强的抗真菌活性。在蛋白激酶抑制试验中，叶子乙酸乙酯提取物的纳米颗粒显示出最大的抑菌圈。叶子的粗提物和纳米颗粒显示出正己烷溶剂的高细胞毒性活性，LC值分别为42.08和46.35。果实的正己烷（93.42%）和水（82.54%）纳米颗粒显示出潜在的抗糖尿病活性。该植物的生物活性表明它是治疗用途的良好候选者。生物合成的ZnONPs显示出有前景的抗菌、细胞毒性、抗糖尿病和抗氧化特性。此外，基于这项研究可以对用于未来治疗用途的纳米导向药物递送系统进行体内评估。
