Charbe Nitin Bharat, Tambuwala Murtaza, Palakurthi Sushesh Srivatsa, Warokar Amol, Hromić-Jahjefendić Altijana, Bakshi Hamid, Zacconi Flavia, Mishra Vijay, Khadse Saurabh, Aljabali Alaa A, El-Tanani Mohamed, Serrano-Aroca Ãngel, Palakurthi Srinath
Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center Kingsville Texas USA.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine UK.
Bioeng Transl Med. 2022 May 10;8(1):e10333. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10333. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle-like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient-specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate the restrictions of the surgical transplant from the donor site. The concept of creating the new functional tissue, exactly mimicking the anatomical and physiological function of the damaged tissue, looks highly attractive. This is crucial to reduce the donor site morbidity and retain the esthetics. 3D bioprinting can integrate all three essential components of tissue engineering, that is, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and regeneration of the lost craniofacial tissues. Such integration essentially helps to develop the patient-specific treatment plans and damage site-driven creation of the functional implants for the craniofacial defects. This article is the bird's eye view on the latest development and application of 3D bioprinting in the regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissues and their application in restoring the functional abilities of the damaged craniofacial tissue. We also discussed current challenges in craniofacial bone vascularization and gave our view on the future direction, including establishing the interactions between tissue-engineered skeletal muscle and the peripheral nervous system.
颅面区域的解剖学并发症常常给受损组织的手术修复或置换带来巨大挑战。手术修复有其自身的一系列局限性,包括供体组织稀缺、免疫排斥、术后使用免疫抑制剂以及在恢复自然美学吸引力方面的限制。生物材料、细胞生物学和工程领域的快速发展帮助科学家创造出了类似细胞化骨骼肌的结构。然而,现有方法在构建具有临床应用价值的大型、高血管化组织方面仍存在局限性。随着三维(3D)生物打印技术的进步,科学家和临床医生现在能够生产出更符合患者特定需求、与颅面缺损结构完美匹配的骨骼肌和骨骼功能性植入物。使用3D生物打印进行颅面组织再生可以解决并消除来自供体部位的手术移植限制。创建全新功能性组织,精确模拟受损组织的解剖和生理功能,这一概念极具吸引力。这对于降低供体部位发病率和保持美观至关重要。3D生物打印可以整合组织工程的所有三个基本要素,即受损颅面组织的修复、重建和再生。这种整合从根本上有助于制定针对患者的治疗方案,并根据损伤部位驱动创建用于颅面缺损的功能性植入物。本文全面介绍了3D生物打印在骨骼肌组织再生方面的最新进展和应用,以及其在恢复受损颅面组织功能能力方面的应用。我们还讨论了颅面骨血管化目前面临的挑战,并对未来方向发表了看法,包括建立组织工程化骨骼肌与周围神经系统之间的相互作用。
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