Shupler Matthew, Baame Miranda, Nix Emily, Tawiah Theresa, Lorenzetti Federico, Saah Jason, Anderson de Cuevas Rachel, Sang Edna, Puzzolo Elisa, Mangeni Judith, Betang Emmanuel, Twumasi Mieks, Amenga-Etego Seeba, Quansah Reginald, Mbatchou Bertrand, Menya Diana, Asante Kwaku Poku, Pope Daniel
Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
SSM Ment Health. 2022 Dec;2:100103. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100103.
Over 900 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) live in energy poverty, relying on cooking polluting fuels (e.g. wood, charcoal). The association between energy poverty and mental/physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among women in SSA, who are primarily tasked with cooking, is unknown.
Females (n = 1,150) from peri-urban Cameroon, Kenya and Ghana were surveyed on their household energy use and mental/physical health status using the standardized Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Random effects linear regression linked household energy factors to SF-36 mental (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores. A binary outcome of 'likely depression' was derived based on participants' MCS score. Random effects Poisson regression with robust error variance assessed the relationship between household energy factors and odds of likely depression.
The prevalence of likely depression varied by a factor of four among communities (36%-Mbalmayo, Cameroon; 20%-Eldoret, Kenya; 9%-Obuasi, Ghana). In the Poisson model (coefficient of determination (R) = 0.28), females sustaining 2 or more cooking-related burns during the previous year had 2.7 (95%CI:[1.8,4.1]) times the odds of likely depression as those not burned. Females cooking primarily with charcoal and wood had 1.6 times (95%CI:[0.9,2.7]) and 1.5 times (95%CI:[0.8,3.0]) the odds of likely depression, respectively, as those primarily using liquefied petroleum gas. Women without electricity access had 1.4 (95%CI:[1.1,1.9]) times the odds of likely depression as those with access. In the MCS model (R = 0.23), longer time spent cooking was associated with a lower average MCS score in a monotonically increasing manner. In the PCS model (R = 0.32), women injured during cooking fuel collection had significantly lower (-4.8 95%CI:[-8.1,-1.4]) PCS scores.
The burden of energy poverty in peri-urban communities in SSA extends beyond physical conditions. Experiencing cooking-related burns, using polluting fuels for cooking or lighting and spending more time cooking are potential risk factors for lower mental HRQoL among women.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）有超过9亿人生活在能源贫困中，依赖燃烧污染性燃料（如木材、木炭）做饭。在主要负责做饭的SSA女性中，能源贫困与心理健康/身体健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）之间的关联尚不清楚。
对来自喀麦隆、肯尼亚和加纳城郊的1150名女性进行了调查，使用标准化的简短健康调查问卷（SF-36）询问她们的家庭能源使用情况以及心理健康/身体健康状况。随机效应线性回归将家庭能源因素与SF-36心理健康（MCS）和身体成分汇总（PCS）得分联系起来。根据参与者的MCS得分得出“可能患抑郁症”的二元结果。具有稳健误差方差的随机效应泊松回归评估了家庭能源因素与可能患抑郁症几率之间的关系。
不同社区中可能患抑郁症的患病率相差四倍（喀麦隆姆巴尔马约为36%；肯尼亚埃尔多雷特为20%；加纳奥布阿西为9%）。在泊松模型中（决定系数（R）=0.28），前一年发生2次或更多次与做饭相关烧伤的女性，其可能患抑郁症的几率是未烧伤女性的2.7倍（95%置信区间：[1.8,4.1]）。主要使用木炭和木材做饭的女性，其可能患抑郁症的几率分别是主要使用液化石油气女性的1.6倍（95%置信区间：[0.9,2.7]）和1.5倍（95%置信区间：[0.8,3.0]）。无电可用的女性，其可能患抑郁症的几率是有电可用女性的1.4倍（95%置信区间：[1.1,1.9]）。在MCS模型中（R=0.23），做饭时间越长，平均MCS得分越低，且呈单调增加趋势。在PCS模型中（R=0.
