Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Essays Biochem. 2023 Apr 18;67(3):345-353. doi: 10.1042/EBC20220121.
The gut microbiota interacts with the host through the mucus that covers and protects the gastrointestinal epithelium. The main component of the mucus are mucins, glycoproteins decorated with hundreds of different O-glycans. Some microbiota members can utilize mucin O-glycans as carbons source. To degrade these host glycans the bacteria express multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases, sulfatases and esterases which are active on specific linkages. The studies of these enzymes in an in vivo context have started to reveal their importance in mucin utilization and gut colonization. It is now clear that bacteria evolved multiple specific CAZymes to overcome the diversity of linkages found in O-glycans. Additionally, changes in mucin degradation by gut microbiota have been associated with diseases like obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Thereby understanding how CAZymes from different bacteria work to degrade mucins is of critical importance to develop new treatments and diagnostics for these increasingly prevalent health problems. This mini-review covers the recent advances in biochemical characterization of mucin O-glycan-degrading CAZymes and how they are connected to human health.
肠道微生物群通过覆盖和保护胃肠道上皮的黏液与宿主相互作用。黏液的主要成分是黏蛋白，这是一种经过数百种不同 O-聚糖修饰的糖蛋白。一些微生物群成员可以将黏蛋白 O-聚糖用作碳源。为了降解这些宿主聚糖，细菌表达多种碳水化合物活性酶（CAZymes），如糖苷水解酶、硫酸酯酶和酯酶，它们对特定键具有活性。在体内环境中对这些酶的研究开始揭示它们在黏蛋白利用和肠道定植中的重要性。现在很清楚，细菌进化出多种特定的 CAZymes 来克服 O-聚糖中发现的多种键的多样性。此外，肠道微生物群对黏蛋白的降解变化与肥胖症、糖尿病、肠易激综合征和结直肠癌等疾病有关。因此，了解不同细菌的 CAZymes 如何降解黏蛋白对于开发针对这些日益流行的健康问题的新治疗方法和诊断方法至关重要。这篇迷你综述涵盖了最近在生化表征黏蛋白 O-聚糖降解 CAZymes 方面的进展，以及它们与人类健康的关系。
