Nageen Yumna, Wang Xiao, Pecoraro Lorenzo
School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jan 9;13:1043224. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043224. eCollection 2022.
Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in human living environments and may be a source of respiratory problems, allergies, and other health issues. A 12 months study was performed to investigate the diversity, concentration and community structure of culturable airborne fungi in different outdoor environments of Tianjin City, using an HAS-100B air sampler. A total of 1,015 fungal strains belonging to 175 species and 82 genera of Ascomycota 92.5%, Basidiomycota 7%, and Mucoromycota 0.3% were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular analysis. The most abundant fungal genera were 35%, 18%, 5.6%, 3.9%, 3%, and 2.8%, while the most frequently occurring species were (24.7%), (11%), (5.3%), (4.53%), and (2.66%). The fungal concentration ranged from 0 to 340 CFU/m during the whole study. Environmental factors, including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and air pressure exerted a varying effect on the presence and concentration of different fungal taxa. The four analyzed seasons showed significantly different airborne fungal communities, which were more strongly influenced by air temperature and relative humidity in spring and summer, whereas wind speed and air pressure had a stronger effect in autumn and winter. Fungal communities from green and busy sites did not show significant differences over the four analyzed seasons, which may be due to the effect of the surrounding environments characterized by high human activities on the air of the relatively small parks present in Tianjin. The present study provided valuable information on the seasonal dynamics and the environmental factors shaping the diversity and concentration of the analyzed outdoor airborne fungal communities, which can be of help for air quality monitoring, microbial contamination control, and health risk assessment in urban environments.
空气中的真菌在人类生活环境中无处不在，可能是导致呼吸问题、过敏及其他健康问题的一个源头。利用一台HAS - 100B空气采样器，开展了一项为期12个月的研究，以调查天津市不同室外环境中可培养的空气中真菌的多样性、浓度和群落结构。通过形态学和分子分析，共分离并鉴定出1015株真菌菌株，它们分属于子囊菌门（92.5%）的82个属175个种、担子菌门（7%）以及毛霉门（0.3%）。最丰富的真菌属分别为[此处原文缺失具体属名]（35%）、[此处原文缺失具体属名]（18%）、[此处原文缺失具体属名]（5.6%）、[此处原文缺失具体属名]（3.9%）、[此处原文缺失具体属名]（3%）和[此处原文缺失具体属名]（2.8%），而最常见的物种分别为[此处原文缺失具体种名]（24.7%）、[此处原文缺失具体种名]（11%）、[此处原文缺失具体种名]（5.3%）、[此处原文缺失具体种名]（4.53%）和[此处原文缺失具体种名]（2.66%）。在整个研究期间，真菌浓度范围为0至340 CFU/立方米。环境因素，包括温度、相对湿度、风速和气压，对不同真菌类群的存在和浓度产生了不同程度的影响。所分析的四个季节显示出明显不同的空气中真菌群落，在春季和夏季，它们受气温和相对湿度的影响更大，而在秋季和冬季，风速和气压的影响更强。在四个分析季节中，来自绿化地带和繁忙地点的真菌群落没有显示出显著差异，这可能是由于天津存在的相对较小公园的空气受到周围人类活动频繁的环境的影响。本研究提供了有关分析的室外空气中真菌群落多样性和浓度的季节动态以及塑造它们的环境因素的宝贵信息，这有助于城市环境中的空气质量监测、微生物污染控制和健康风险评估。
