Fang Zhiguo, Ouyang Zhiyun, Hu Lifeng, Wang Xiaoke, Zheng Hua, Lin Xueqiang
Key Lab of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, ROC.
Sci Total Environ. 2005 Nov 1;350(1-3):47-58. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.032. Epub 2005 Mar 17.
Airborne fungi are being proposed as a cause of adverse health effects. They may adversely affect human health through allergy, infection, and toxicity. Moreover, they have a great influence on urban air quality in Beijing. In this study, a systematical survey on the culturable airborne fungi was carried out for 1 year in Beijing urban area. Fungal samples were collected for 3 min, three times each day, and continued for three consecutive days of each month with FA-1 sampler from three sampling sites. Results showed that the culturable fungal concentrations ranged from 24 CFU (Colony forming units) /m3 to 13960 CFU/m3, and the mean and median was 1165 CFU/m3 and 710 CFU/m3, respectively. Fungal concentrations in the greener area around the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES) and Beijing Botanical Garden (BBG) were significantly higher than in the densely urban and highly trafficked area of Xizhimen (XZM) (***P<0.001), but no significant difference was found between RCEES and BBG (P>0.05). The variation of fungal concentrations in different seasons was significant in RCEES and BBG, where the concentrations were higher in Summer and Autumn, and lower in Spring and Winter. However, there were no significant differences in fungal concentrations between the Spring and the Winter for three sampling sites (P>0.05). Fourteen genera, including 40 species of culturable fungi, were identified in this study. Penicillium, with the most abundant species, which comprised more than 50% of the total isolated fungal species. Cladosporium were the most dominant fungal group, and contributed to more than one third of the total fungal concentration, followed by non-sporing isolates, Alternaria, Pencillium and Asperigillus. The concentration percentage of Cladosporium was significantly higher in RCEES than in XZM (*P<0.05), and the concentration percentages of Penicillium (**P<0.01) and Aspergillus (*P<0.05) were higher in XZM than in RCEES and in BBG. For other groups' concentration percentages, no significant differences were observed among the sampling sites. The distribution pattern of airborne fungi presented log-normal distribution. The highest proportion of culturable fungi was detected in stage 4 (2.0-3.5 microm), and the lowest was in stage 6 (<1.0 microm).
空气传播真菌被认为是导致健康不良影响的一个原因。它们可能通过过敏、感染和毒性对人类健康产生不利影响。此外，它们对北京的城市空气质量有很大影响。在本研究中，对北京市区可培养的空气传播真菌进行了为期1年的系统调查。使用FA - 1采样器，每天在三个采样点采集真菌样本3分钟，每月连续采集三天。结果表明，可培养真菌浓度范围为24 CFU（菌落形成单位）/立方米至13960 CFU/立方米，平均值和中位数分别为1165 CFU/立方米和710 CFU/立方米。中国科学院生态环境研究中心（RCEES）和北京植物园（BBG）周边绿化较好区域的真菌浓度显著高于西直门（XZM）人口密集和交通繁忙区域（***P<0.001），但RCEES和BBG之间未发现显著差异（P>0.05）。RCEES和BBG不同季节的真菌浓度变化显著，夏季和秋季浓度较高，春季和冬季较低。然而，三个采样点春季和冬季的真菌浓度无显著差异（P>0.05）。本研究共鉴定出14个属，包括40种可培养真菌。青霉属物种最为丰富，占分离真菌总数的50%以上。枝孢属是最主要的真菌类群，占真菌总浓度的三分之一以上，其次是无孢子分离菌、链格孢属、青霉属和曲霉属。RCEES中枝孢属的浓度百分比显著高于XZM（*P<0.05），XZM中青霉属（**P<0.01）和曲霉属（*P<0.05）的浓度百分比高于RCEES和BBG。对于其他类群的浓度百分比，各采样点之间未观察到显著差异。空气传播真菌的分布模式呈对数正态分布。可培养真菌比例最高的是在第4阶段（2.0 - 3.5微米）检测到的，最低的是在第6阶段（<1.0微米）。
