AIMS: Traffic noise may play an important role in the development and deterioration of ischaemic heart disease. Thus, we sought to determine the mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation induced by aircraft noise in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI) and in humans with incident MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to noise alone (average sound pressure level 72 dB; peak level 85 dB) for up to 4 days, resulting in pro-inflammatory aortic gene expression in the myeloid cell adhesion/diapedesis pathways. The noise alone promoted adhesion and infiltration of inflammatory myeloid cells in vascular/cardiac tissue, paralleled by an increased percentage of leucocytes with a pro-inflammatory, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing phenotype and augmented expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase type 2 (Nox2)/phosphorylation of nuclear factor 'kappa light chain enhancer' of activated B-cells (phospho-NFκB) in peripheral blood. Ligation of the left anterior descending artery resulted in worsening of cardiac function, pronounced cardiac infiltration of CD11b+ myeloid cells and Ly6Chigh monocytes, and induction of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1β, CCL-2, and Nox2, being aggravated by noise exposure prior to MI. MI induced stronger endothelial dysfunction and more pronounced increases in vascular ROS in animals preconditioned with noise. Participants of the population-based Gutenberg Health Cohort Study (median follow-up:11.4 years) with incident MI revealed elevated C-reactive protein at baseline and worse left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after MI in case of a history of noise exposure and subsequent annoyance development. CONCLUSION: Aircraft noise exposure before MI substantially amplifies subsequent cardiovascular inflammation and aggravates ischaemic heart failure, facilitated by a pro-inflammatory vascular conditioning. Our translational results suggest that measures to reduce environmental noise exposure will be helpful in improving the clinical outcome of subjects with MI.Key questionKey finding Take-home-MessageAircraft noise exposure before MI substantially amplifies cardiovascular inflammation and aggravates cardiac impairment after MI.