Groth Thomas, Stegmayr Bernd G, Ash Stephen R, Kuchinka Janna, Wieringa Fokko P, Fissell William H, Roy Shuvo
Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
International Federation for Artificial Organs, Painesville, Ohio, USA.
Artif Organs. 2023 Apr;47(4):649-666. doi: 10.1111/aor.14396. Epub 2022 Sep 21.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of early death worldwide. By 2030, 14.5 million people will have end-stage kidney disease (ESKD, or CKD stage 5), yet only 5.4 million will receive kidney replacement therapy (KRT) due to economic, social, and political factors. Even for those who are offered KRT by various means of dialysis, the life expectancy remains far too low.
Researchers from different fields of artificial organs collaborate to overcome the challenges of creating products such as Wearable and/or Implantable Artificial Kidneys capable of providing long-term effective physiologic kidney functions such as removal of uremic toxins, electrolyte homeostasis, and fluid regulation. A focus should be to develop easily accessible, safe, and inexpensive KRT options that enable a good quality of life and will also be available for patients in less-developed regions of the world.
Hence, it is required to discuss some of the limits and burdens of transplantation and different techniques of dialysis, including those performed at home. Furthermore, hurdles must be considered and overcome to develop wearable and implantable artificial kidney devices that can help to improve the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with CKD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是全球过早死亡的主要原因。到2030年，将有1450万人患有终末期肾病（ESKD，即CKD 5期），但由于经济、社会和政治因素，仅有540万人将接受肾脏替代治疗（KRT）。即使对于那些通过各种透析方式接受KRT的患者，其预期寿命仍然过低。
来自不同人工器官领域的研究人员合作，以克服制造如可穿戴和/或植入式人工肾脏等产品所面临的挑战，这些产品应能够提供长期有效的生理肾脏功能，如清除尿毒症毒素、维持电解质平衡和调节液体。重点应是开发易于获得、安全且廉价的KRT选项，以实现良好的生活质量，并且也可供世界欠发达地区的患者使用。
因此，有必要讨论移植和不同透析技术（包括在家中进行的透析）的一些局限性和负担。此外，必须考虑并克服开发可穿戴和植入式人工肾脏设备所面临的障碍，这些设备有助于提高CKD患者的生活质量和预期寿命。
